How many years people can expect to work
Topic: Work and income
A 15-year-old in the Netherlands can expect 44.0 years of working life, against 32.7 years in Romania.
In 2025, a 15-year-old in the EU could expect 37.5 years in the labour force, at that year's rates of labour force participation and mortality.
- Figures for:
- 2025.
- Covers:
- the whole year.
- New data:
- once a year.
- Dataset updated:
- 17 April 2026.
The ranking
In 2025, the expected duration of working life at age 15 ranged from 32.7 years in Romania to 44.0 years in the Netherlands.
Expected duration of working life at age 15, years
2025Over time
Expected duration of working life at age 15 in the EU, years
2010–2025Between 2010 and 2025, the duration lengthened in 27 countries.
Expected duration of working life at age 15, years
2010 and 2025 · ranked by 2025Women and men
For women, the gap was wider. It ranged from 28.4 years in Italy to 42.3 years in Sweden. The gap was 13.9 years.
For men, the gap was narrower. It ranged from 35.9 years in Bulgaria to 45.9 years in the Netherlands. The gap was 10.0 years.
Expected duration of working life at age 15: women and men, years
2025| Everyone | Women | Men | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lowest | 32.7 yearsRomania | 28.4 yearsItaly | 35.9 yearsBulgaria |
| Highest | 44.0 yearsthe Netherlands | 42.3 yearsSweden | 45.9 yearsthe Netherlands |
| Highest − lowest | 11.3 years | 13.9 years | 10.0 years |
Everyone
Lowest: 32.7 years (Romania)Highest: 44.0 years (the Netherlands)Highest − lowest: 11.3 yearsAbout the data
The number of years a person aged 15 is expected to be in the labour force, employed or unemployed, over the rest of their life, if the labour force participation and mortality of the year stayed the same.
Eurostat: “The duration of working life indicator (DWL) measures the number of years a person aged 15 is expected to be active in the labour market throughout their life.” (source)
Calculated by Eurostat from two sources. Labour force participation rates come from the EU Labour Force Survey, a sample survey of households run by the national statistical institutes. Survival rates come from Eurostat's life tables, based on the deaths and population data of the national statistical institutes.
How to read these numbers
How it is measured
The figure counts the years in the labour force. Years of unemployment count as well as years in work. Any work of at least one hour in the survey week counts as employment, part-time work included.
The figure is calculated from the participation rates and mortality of a single year. It is not a forecast of how long people aged 15 today will actually work. The value for a year uses the life tables of the year before.
The years add up over a whole life. They are not one unbroken career and say nothing about the age at which people stop working.
The participation rates come from a survey of people living in private households. Conscripts in military or community service are not included.
Breaks in the series
The EU Labour Force Survey has a new legal basis and methodology from 2021, which caused breaks in the series for several EU countries. Eurostat marks no break in this dataset. Values before and after 2021 may not be fully comparable.
Sources and data
Eurostat, Duration of working life (lfsi_dwl_a). Data updated 17 April 2026, retrieved 1 November 2026. Licence: CC BY 4.0.
Eurostat metadata · Eurostat methodology
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/lfsi_dwl_a?format=JSON&lang=en&freq=A&geo=AT&geo=BE&geo=BG&geo=CY&geo=CZ&geo=DE&geo=DK&geo=EE&geo=EL&geo=ES&geo=EU27_2020&geo=FI&geo=FR&geo=HR&geo=HU&geo=IE&geo=IT&geo=LT&geo=LU&geo=LV&geo=MT&geo=NL&geo=PL&geo=PT&geo=RO&geo=SE&geo=SI&geo=SK&sex=T&unit=YRRelated stories
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