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Who cannot keep their home warm in the EU

Topic: Living conditions

18.1% of people in Greece cannot afford to keep their home warm, against 2.6% in Finland.

In 2025, 8.8% of people in the EU lived in a household that could not afford to keep the home adequately warm. Households say this themselves in a survey.

Figures for:
2025.
Covers:
the time of the survey.
New data:
once a year.
Dataset updated:
20 October 2026.

Published 29 October 2026, updated 6 November 2026

27 / 27 EU countries ranked

The ranking

In 2025, the share of people who cannot afford to keep their home adequately warm ranged from 2.6% in Finland to 18.1% in Greece.

Share of people who cannot afford to keep their home adequately warm, %

2025
05101520%
EU, 8.8 %
Rank 1: Greece, 18.1 %
Rank 2: Lithuania, 16.7 %
Rank 3: Bulgaria, 16.1 %
Rank 4: Spain, 15.9 %
Rank 5: Portugal, 15.6 %
Rank 6: Romania, 11.9 %
Rank 7: France, 11.5 %
Rank 8: Cyprus, 11.3 %
Rank 9: Italy, 8.6 %
Rank 10: Slovakia, 8.1 %
Rank 11: Malta, 7.6 %
Rank 12: Netherlands, 6.6 %
Rank 13: Hungary, 5.8 %
Rank 14: Germany, 5.7 %
Rank 15: Sweden, 4.7 %
Rank 16: Denmark, 4.5 %
Rank 16: Ireland, 4.5 %
Rank 18: Latvia, 4.3 %
Rank 19: Belgium, 4.2 %
Rank 19: Croatia, 4.2 %
Rank 21: Czechia, 4.1 %
Rank 22: Austria, 4.0 %
Rank 23: Slovenia, 3.6 %
Rank 24: Luxembourg, 3.5 %
Rank 25: Poland, 3.2 %
Rank 26: Estonia, 3.1 %
Rank 27: Finland, 2.6 %
How to read: bars start at zero. Every country with a value is shown, ranked from highest to lowest.Source: Eurostat, Inability to keep home adequately warm (ilc_mdes01).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·

Poverty risk and cold homes

Among people above the at-risk-of-poverty threshold, the spread across countries was narrower. Greece was again the highest, at 13.7%, and Croatia and Latvia were the lowest, at 1.8%. The highest and the lowest were 11.9 percentage points apart.

Among people at risk of poverty, the spread across countries was much wider than among people above the at-risk-of-poverty threshold. Greece was again the highest, at 36.1%, and Estonia the lowest, at 5.7%. The gap was 30.4 percentage points.

Share of people who cannot afford to keep their home adequately warm: above the threshold and at risk of poverty, %

2025
Above the thresholdAt risk of povertyAt risk of poverty − above the thresholdDifference
0102030pp
EU, Above the threshold: 6.7 %, At risk of poverty: 19.6 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +12.9
Rank 1: Greece, Above the threshold: 13.7 %, At risk of poverty: 36.1 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +22.4
Rank 2: Cyprus, Above the threshold: 7.2 %, At risk of poverty: 34.6 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +27.4
Rank 3: Bulgaria, Above the threshold: 11.5 %, At risk of poverty: 33.1 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +21.6
Rank 4: Lithuania, Above the threshold: 12.4 %, At risk of poverty: 31.6 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +19.2
Rank 5: Portugal, Above the threshold: 12.8 %, At risk of poverty: 30.6 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +17.8
Rank 6: Spain, Above the threshold: 12.9 %, At risk of poverty: 28.3 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +15.4
Rank 7: Slovakia, Above the threshold: 5.5 %, At risk of poverty: 27.0 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +21.5
Rank 8: France, Above the threshold: 9.2 %, At risk of poverty: 23.5 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +14.3
Rank 9: Romania, Above the threshold: 9.7 %, At risk of poverty: 21.4 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +11.7
Rank 10: Netherlands, Above the threshold: 4.4 %, At risk of poverty: 21.3 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +16.9
Rank 11: Italy, Above the threshold: 5.8 %, At risk of poverty: 20.9 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +15.1
Rank 12: Hungary, Above the threshold: 4.0 %, At risk of poverty: 16.8 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +12.8
Rank 13: Croatia, Above the threshold: 1.8 %, At risk of poverty: 13.7 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +11.9
Rank 14: Belgium, Above the threshold: 3.1 %, At risk of poverty: 13.2 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +10.1
Rank 15: Czechia, Above the threshold: 3.1 %, At risk of poverty: 12.8 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +9.7
Rank 15: Latvia, Above the threshold: 1.8 %, At risk of poverty: 12.8 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +11.0
Rank 17: Germany, Above the threshold: 4.4 %, At risk of poverty: 12.6 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +8.2
Rank 18: Denmark, Above the threshold: 3.5 %, At risk of poverty: 11.7 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +8.2
Rank 19: Malta, Above the threshold: 6.9 %, At risk of poverty: 10.9 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +4.0
Rank 20: Ireland, Above the threshold: 3.5 %, At risk of poverty: 10.7 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +7.2
Rank 21: Sweden, Above the threshold: 3.7 %, At risk of poverty: 10.1 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +6.4
Rank 22: Slovenia, Above the threshold: 2.5 %, At risk of poverty: 10.0 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +7.5
Rank 23: Austria, Above the threshold: 3.1 %, At risk of poverty: 9.0 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +5.9
Rank 24: Luxembourg, Above the threshold: 2.7 %, At risk of poverty: 8.7 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +6.0
Rank 25: Poland, Above the threshold: 2.6 %, At risk of poverty: 7.3 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +4.7
Rank 26: Finland, Above the threshold: 2.1 %, At risk of poverty: 6.1 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +4.0
Rank 27: Estonia, Above the threshold: 2.5 %, At risk of poverty: 5.7 %, At risk of poverty − above the threshold: +3.2
How to read: the filled dot is at risk of poverty, the outlined dot above the threshold, each with its value beside it. The column on the right is their difference, at risk of poverty − above the threshold. Countries are ranked by at risk of poverty.Source: Eurostat, Inability to keep home adequately warm (ilc_mdes01).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·
EveryoneAbove the thresholdAt risk of poverty
Lowest2.6%Finland1.8%Croatia and Latvia5.7%Estonia
Highest18.1%Greece13.7%Greece36.1%Greece
Highest − lowest15.5 pp11.9 pp30.4 pp

Everyone

Lowest: 2.6% (Finland)Highest: 18.1% (Greece)Highest − lowest: 15.5 pp

Above the threshold

Lowest: 1.8% (Croatia and Latvia)Highest: 13.7% (Greece)Highest − lowest: 11.9 pp

At risk of poverty

Lowest: 5.7% (Estonia)Highest: 36.1% (Greece)Highest − lowest: 30.4 pp

Living alone and single parents

In 2025, 15.0% of people in single-parent households in the EU could not afford to keep their home warm, against 5.6% of people in households of two adults with two children.

Share of people who cannot afford to keep their home warm, by household type, %

2025
everyonealone, under 65alone, 65+single parent2 adults, no children2 adults, 1 child2 adults, 2 children2 adults, 3+ children
EU, everyone: 8.8 %,alone, under 65: 12.7 %,alone, 65+: 11.4 %,single parent: 15.0 %,2 adults, no children: 7.1 %,2 adults, 1 child: 6.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 9.3 %,
Rank 1: Greece, everyone: 18.1 %,alone, under 65: 25.4 %,alone, 65+: 27.1 %,single parent: 23.0 %,2 adults, no children: 17.1 %,2 adults, 1 child: 13.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 13.3 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 22.0 %,
Rank 2: Lithuania, everyone: 16.7 %,alone, under 65: 20.4 %,alone, 65+: 29.4 %,single parent: 18.3 %,2 adults, no children: 17.9 %,2 adults, 1 child: 7.7 %,2 adults, 2 children: 8.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 23.6 %,
Rank 3: Bulgaria, everyone: 16.1 %,alone, under 65: 16.6 %,alone, 65+: 29.6 %,single parent: 20.7 %,2 adults, no children: 16.7 %,2 adults, 1 child: 9.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 9.7 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 27.3 %,
Rank 4: Spain, everyone: 15.9 %,alone, under 65: 22.3 %,alone, 65+: 15.0 %,single parent: 23.2 %,2 adults, no children: 13.8 %,2 adults, 1 child: 13.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 11.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 16.4 %,
Rank 5: Portugal, everyone: 15.6 %,alone, under 65: 21.9 %,alone, 65+: 26.9 %,single parent: 18.6 %,2 adults, no children: 18.5 %,2 adults, 1 child: 8.4 %,2 adults, 2 children: 7.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 4.8 %,
Rank 6: Romania, everyone: 11.9 %,alone, under 65: 12.9 %,alone, 65+: 17.6 %,single parent: 18.8 %,2 adults, no children: 9.8 %,2 adults, 1 child: 9.7 %,2 adults, 2 children: 9.9 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.9 %,
Rank 7: France, everyone: 11.5 %,alone, under 65: 17.1 %,alone, 65+: 14.5 %,single parent: 22.5 %,2 adults, no children: 8.7 %,2 adults, 1 child: 8.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.4 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 12.8 %,
Rank 8: Cyprus, everyone: 11.3 %,alone, under 65: 13.7 %,alone, 65+: 9.7 %,single parent: 28.7 %,2 adults, no children: 10.4 %,2 adults, 1 child: 6.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 7.5 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 17.3 %,
Rank 9: Italy, everyone: 8.6 %,alone, under 65: 14.2 %,alone, 65+: 11.8 %,single parent: 11.4 %,2 adults, no children: 7.3 %,2 adults, 1 child: 5.0 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.5 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 13.5 %,
Rank 10: Slovakia, everyone: 8.1 %,alone, under 65: 7.4 %,alone, 65+: 10.9 %,single parent: 9.3 %,2 adults, no children: 5.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.0 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.0 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 10.9 %,
Rank 11: Malta, everyone: 7.6 %,alone, under 65: 14.0 %,alone, 65+: 5.1 %,single parent: 11.5 %,2 adults, no children: 5.8 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 8.4 %,
Rank 12: Netherlands, everyone: 6.6 %,alone, under 65: 15.4 %,alone, 65+: 9.9 %,single parent: 20.9 %,2 adults, no children: 5.2 %,2 adults, 1 child: 3.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.6 %,
Rank 13: Hungary, everyone: 5.8 %,alone, under 65: 7.9 %,alone, 65+: 10.0 %,single parent: 8.7 %,2 adults, no children: 4.7 %,2 adults, 1 child: 5.1 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.3 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 6.7 %,
Rank 14: Germany, everyone: 5.7 %,alone, under 65: 8.6 %,alone, 65+: 5.0 %,single parent: 10.0 %,2 adults, no children: 4.2 %,2 adults, 1 child: 4.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 7.3 %,
Rank 15: Sweden, everyone: 4.7 %,alone, under 65: 6.2 %,alone, 65+: 5.0 %,single parent: 7.8 %,2 adults, no children: 2.9 %,2 adults, 1 child: 5.2 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.7 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 5.3 %,
Rank 16: Denmark, everyone: 4.5 %,alone, under 65: 8.1 %,alone, 65+: 4.7 %,single parent: 12.2 %,2 adults, no children: 3.3 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.1 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.8 %,
Rank 16: Ireland, everyone: 4.5 %,alone, under 65: 11.7 %,alone, 65+: 6.3 %,single parent: 13.1 %,2 adults, no children: 4.8 %,2 adults, 1 child: 4.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.9 %,
Rank 18: Latvia, everyone: 4.3 %,alone, under 65: 8.4 %,alone, 65+: 12.1 %,single parent: 4.3 %,2 adults, no children: 4.0 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.5 %,
Rank 19: Belgium, everyone: 4.2 %,alone, under 65: 8.5 %,alone, 65+: 4.9 %,single parent: 8.0 %,2 adults, no children: 1.7 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 4.0 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 5.0 %,
Rank 19: Croatia, everyone: 4.2 %,alone, under 65: 8.4 %,alone, 65+: 15.3 %,single parent: 5.2 %,2 adults, no children: 5.9 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.4 %,
Rank 21: Czechia, everyone: 4.1 %,alone, under 65: 6.0 %,alone, 65+: 7.7 %,single parent: 7.7 %,2 adults, no children: 3.4 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 4.1 %,
Rank 22: Austria, everyone: 4.0 %,alone, under 65: 6.7 %,alone, 65+: 5.1 %,single parent: 6.5 %,2 adults, no children: 2.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 3.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.9 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 6.2 %,
Rank 23: Slovenia, everyone: 3.6 %,alone, under 65: 7.5 %,alone, 65+: 7.1 %,single parent: 7.2 %,2 adults, no children: 3.2 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.9 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.4 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.5 %,
Rank 24: Luxembourg, everyone: 3.5 %,alone, under 65: 3.8 %,alone, 65+: 2.1 %,single parent: 9.3 %,2 adults, no children: 2.9 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.0 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.7 %,
Rank 25: Poland, everyone: 3.2 %,alone, under 65: 6.5 %,alone, 65+: 8.1 %,single parent: 5.6 %,2 adults, no children: 3.4 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.1 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.8 %,
Rank 26: Estonia, everyone: 3.1 %,alone, under 65: 5.2 %,alone, 65+: 6.4 %,single parent: 6.9 %,2 adults, no children: 2.0 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 0.9 %,
Rank 27: Finland, everyone: 2.6 %,alone, under 65: 5.3 %,alone, 65+: 3.5 %,single parent: 5.0 %,2 adults, no children: 1.3 %,2 adults, 1 child: 0.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.1 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 4.2 %,
everyonealone, under 65alone, 65+single parent2 adults, no children
EU, everyone: 8.8 %,alone, under 65: 12.7 %,alone, 65+: 11.4 %,single parent: 15.0 %,2 adults, no children: 7.1 %,
Rank 1: Greece, everyone: 18.1 %,alone, under 65: 25.4 %,alone, 65+: 27.1 %,single parent: 23.0 %,2 adults, no children: 17.1 %,
Rank 2: Lithuania, everyone: 16.7 %,alone, under 65: 20.4 %,alone, 65+: 29.4 %,single parent: 18.3 %,2 adults, no children: 17.9 %,
Rank 3: Bulgaria, everyone: 16.1 %,alone, under 65: 16.6 %,alone, 65+: 29.6 %,single parent: 20.7 %,2 adults, no children: 16.7 %,
Rank 4: Spain, everyone: 15.9 %,alone, under 65: 22.3 %,alone, 65+: 15.0 %,single parent: 23.2 %,2 adults, no children: 13.8 %,
Rank 5: Portugal, everyone: 15.6 %,alone, under 65: 21.9 %,alone, 65+: 26.9 %,single parent: 18.6 %,2 adults, no children: 18.5 %,
Rank 6: Romania, everyone: 11.9 %,alone, under 65: 12.9 %,alone, 65+: 17.6 %,single parent: 18.8 %,2 adults, no children: 9.8 %,
Rank 7: France, everyone: 11.5 %,alone, under 65: 17.1 %,alone, 65+: 14.5 %,single parent: 22.5 %,2 adults, no children: 8.7 %,
Rank 8: Cyprus, everyone: 11.3 %,alone, under 65: 13.7 %,alone, 65+: 9.7 %,single parent: 28.7 %,2 adults, no children: 10.4 %,
Rank 9: Italy, everyone: 8.6 %,alone, under 65: 14.2 %,alone, 65+: 11.8 %,single parent: 11.4 %,2 adults, no children: 7.3 %,
Rank 10: Slovakia, everyone: 8.1 %,alone, under 65: 7.4 %,alone, 65+: 10.9 %,single parent: 9.3 %,2 adults, no children: 5.6 %,
Rank 11: Malta, everyone: 7.6 %,alone, under 65: 14.0 %,alone, 65+: 5.1 %,single parent: 11.5 %,2 adults, no children: 5.8 %,
Rank 12: Netherlands, everyone: 6.6 %,alone, under 65: 15.4 %,alone, 65+: 9.9 %,single parent: 20.9 %,2 adults, no children: 5.2 %,
Rank 13: Hungary, everyone: 5.8 %,alone, under 65: 7.9 %,alone, 65+: 10.0 %,single parent: 8.7 %,2 adults, no children: 4.7 %,
Rank 14: Germany, everyone: 5.7 %,alone, under 65: 8.6 %,alone, 65+: 5.0 %,single parent: 10.0 %,2 adults, no children: 4.2 %,
Rank 15: Sweden, everyone: 4.7 %,alone, under 65: 6.2 %,alone, 65+: 5.0 %,single parent: 7.8 %,2 adults, no children: 2.9 %,
Rank 16: Denmark, everyone: 4.5 %,alone, under 65: 8.1 %,alone, 65+: 4.7 %,single parent: 12.2 %,2 adults, no children: 3.3 %,
Rank 16: Ireland, everyone: 4.5 %,alone, under 65: 11.7 %,alone, 65+: 6.3 %,single parent: 13.1 %,2 adults, no children: 4.8 %,
Rank 18: Latvia, everyone: 4.3 %,alone, under 65: 8.4 %,alone, 65+: 12.1 %,single parent: 4.3 %,2 adults, no children: 4.0 %,
Rank 19: Belgium, everyone: 4.2 %,alone, under 65: 8.5 %,alone, 65+: 4.9 %,single parent: 8.0 %,2 adults, no children: 1.7 %,
Rank 19: Croatia, everyone: 4.2 %,alone, under 65: 8.4 %,alone, 65+: 15.3 %,single parent: 5.2 %,2 adults, no children: 5.9 %,
Rank 21: Czechia, everyone: 4.1 %,alone, under 65: 6.0 %,alone, 65+: 7.7 %,single parent: 7.7 %,2 adults, no children: 3.4 %,
Rank 22: Austria, everyone: 4.0 %,alone, under 65: 6.7 %,alone, 65+: 5.1 %,single parent: 6.5 %,2 adults, no children: 2.6 %,
Rank 23: Slovenia, everyone: 3.6 %,alone, under 65: 7.5 %,alone, 65+: 7.1 %,single parent: 7.2 %,2 adults, no children: 3.2 %,
Rank 24: Luxembourg, everyone: 3.5 %,alone, under 65: 3.8 %,alone, 65+: 2.1 %,single parent: 9.3 %,2 adults, no children: 2.9 %,
Rank 25: Poland, everyone: 3.2 %,alone, under 65: 6.5 %,alone, 65+: 8.1 %,single parent: 5.6 %,2 adults, no children: 3.4 %,
Rank 26: Estonia, everyone: 3.1 %,alone, under 65: 5.2 %,alone, 65+: 6.4 %,single parent: 6.9 %,2 adults, no children: 2.0 %,
Rank 27: Finland, everyone: 2.6 %,alone, under 65: 5.3 %,alone, 65+: 3.5 %,single parent: 5.0 %,2 adults, no children: 1.3 %,
everyone2 adults, 1 child2 adults, 2 children2 adults, 3+ children
EU, everyone: 8.8 %,2 adults, 1 child: 6.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 9.3 %,
Rank 1: Greece, everyone: 18.1 %,2 adults, 1 child: 13.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 13.3 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 22.0 %,
Rank 2: Lithuania, everyone: 16.7 %,2 adults, 1 child: 7.7 %,2 adults, 2 children: 8.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 23.6 %,
Rank 3: Bulgaria, everyone: 16.1 %,2 adults, 1 child: 9.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 9.7 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 27.3 %,
Rank 4: Spain, everyone: 15.9 %,2 adults, 1 child: 13.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 11.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 16.4 %,
Rank 5: Portugal, everyone: 15.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 8.4 %,2 adults, 2 children: 7.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 4.8 %,
Rank 6: Romania, everyone: 11.9 %,2 adults, 1 child: 9.7 %,2 adults, 2 children: 9.9 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.9 %,
Rank 7: France, everyone: 11.5 %,2 adults, 1 child: 8.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.4 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 12.8 %,
Rank 8: Cyprus, everyone: 11.3 %,2 adults, 1 child: 6.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 7.5 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 17.3 %,
Rank 9: Italy, everyone: 8.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 5.0 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.5 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 13.5 %,
Rank 10: Slovakia, everyone: 8.1 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.0 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.0 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 10.9 %,
Rank 11: Malta, everyone: 7.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 8.4 %,
Rank 12: Netherlands, everyone: 6.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 3.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.6 %,
Rank 13: Hungary, everyone: 5.8 %,2 adults, 1 child: 5.1 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.3 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 6.7 %,
Rank 14: Germany, everyone: 5.7 %,2 adults, 1 child: 4.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 7.3 %,
Rank 15: Sweden, everyone: 4.7 %,2 adults, 1 child: 5.2 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.7 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 5.3 %,
Rank 16: Denmark, everyone: 4.5 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.1 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.8 %,
Rank 16: Ireland, everyone: 4.5 %,2 adults, 1 child: 4.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.9 %,
Rank 18: Latvia, everyone: 4.3 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.5 %,
Rank 19: Belgium, everyone: 4.2 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 4.0 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 5.0 %,
Rank 19: Croatia, everyone: 4.2 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.4 %,
Rank 21: Czechia, everyone: 4.1 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 4.1 %,
Rank 22: Austria, everyone: 4.0 %,2 adults, 1 child: 3.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.9 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 6.2 %,
Rank 23: Slovenia, everyone: 3.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.9 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.4 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.5 %,
Rank 24: Luxembourg, everyone: 3.5 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.0 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.7 %,
Rank 25: Poland, everyone: 3.2 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.1 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.8 %,
Rank 26: Estonia, everyone: 3.1 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 0.9 %,
Rank 27: Finland, everyone: 2.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 0.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.1 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 4.2 %,
How to read: one row per country, one column per group, each value in its cell. The stronger the colour, the higher the value. Countries are ranked by the “everyone” column.Source: Eurostat, Inability to keep home adequately warm (ilc_mdes01).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·

About the data

The share of people living in private households who say that their household cannot afford to keep the home adequately warm, whether or not it actually needs heating.

Eurostat: “The indicator Inability to keep the house adequately warm measures the share of population living in private households who are unable to afford to keep the home adequately warm, regardless of whether the household actually needs to keep it adequately warm.” (source)

EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC), a yearly sample survey of households run by the national statistical institutes. The answer is the household's own assessment.

How to read these numbers

How it is measured

The survey covers people living in private households. People in collective households and institutions are generally not included (Estonia includes collective households).

The figure is what households say about themselves, whether they can afford to keep their home adequately warm. The question is about the ability to pay, whether or not the household actually needs to keep the home adequately warm.

People at risk of poverty are those whose equivalised disposable income is below their country's at-risk-of-poverty threshold. The threshold is derived from each country's own median income. It is therefore a different income level in each country. The income is that of the calendar year before the survey (in Ireland until 2019, the twelve months before the interview).

France's figures cover the European part of the country and, since 2022, four overseas departments (Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana and Réunion). Mayotte is not included. Portugal's figures include the Azores and Madeira, and Cyprus's cover the government-controlled areas.

Provisional figures

A provisional value (flag p) may still be revised. This concerns Lithuania (2025).

Sources and data

Eurostat, Inability to keep home adequately warm (ilc_mdes01). Data updated 20 October 2026, retrieved 3 November 2026. Licence: CC BY 4.0.

Eurostat metadata · Eurostat methodology

The exact Eurostat API query

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/ilc_mdes01?format=JSON&lang=en&freq=A&geo=AT&geo=BE&geo=BG&geo=CY&geo=CZ&geo=DE&geo=DK&geo=EE&geo=EL&geo=ES&geo=EU27_2020&geo=FI&geo=FR&geo=HR&geo=HU&geo=IE&geo=IT&geo=LT&geo=LU&geo=LV&geo=MT&geo=NL&geo=PL&geo=PT&geo=RO&geo=SE&geo=SI&geo=SK&hhcomp=TOTAL&rskpovth=TOTAL&unit=PC

How every number in this story was computed

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