Civitascope / Energy and environment
Search Magyar

Heating degree days in the EU countries

Topic: Energy and environment

Finland counted 16.0 times as many heating degree days as Malta.

In 2025, the EU counted 2,828 heating degree days. A cold day adds as many heating degree days as its mean outdoor temperature stays below a fixed limit, in degrees. A year's heating degree days are the sum over all its days. They describe the weather, not the energy people used.

Figures for:
2025.
Covers:
the whole year.
New data:
once a year.
Dataset updated:
8 May 2026.

Published 7 November 2026

27 / 27 EU countries ranked

The ranking

In 2025, heating degree days ranged from 315 heating degree days in Malta to 5,025 heating degree days in Finland.

Heating degree days, heating degree days

2025
02,0004,0006,000heating degree days
EU, 2,828 heating degree days
Rank 1: Finland, 5,025 heating degree days
Rank 2: Sweden, 4,646 heating degree days
Rank 3: Estonia, 3,730 heating degree days
Rank 4: Latvia, 3,617 heating degree days
Rank 5: Lithuania, 3,462 heating degree days
Rank 6: Austria, 3,339 heating degree days
Rank 7: Czechia, 3,205 heating degree days
Rank 8: Poland, 3,098 heating degree days
Rank 9: Slovakia, 3,041 heating degree days
Rank 10: Denmark, 2,917 heating degree days
Rank 11: Germany, 2,858 heating degree days
Rank 12: Luxembourg, 2,826 heating degree days
Rank 13: Romania, 2,730 heating degree days
Rank 14: Slovenia, 2,599 heating degree days
Rank 15: Hungary, 2,559 heating degree days
Rank 16: Belgium, 2,474 heating degree days
Rank 17: Ireland, 2,465 heating degree days
Rank 18: Netherlands, 2,451 heating degree days
Rank 19: Bulgaria, 2,325 heating degree days
Rank 20: France, 2,142 heating degree days
Rank 21: Croatia, 2,139 heating degree days
Rank 22: Italy, 1,740 heating degree days
Rank 23: Spain, 1,602 heating degree days
Rank 24: Greece, 1,446 heating degree days
Rank 25: Portugal, 1,160 heating degree days
Rank 26: Cyprus, 609 heating degree days
Rank 27: Malta, 315 heating degree days
How to read: bars start at zero. Every country with a value is shown, ranked from highest to lowest.Source: Eurostat, Cooling and heating degree days by country - annual data (nrg_chdd_a).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·

The regions of the EU

In 2025, among the EU's 237 regions, heating degree days was highest in Övre Norrland (Sweden), 5,730 heating degree days, and lowest in Canarias (Spain), 48 heating degree days.

Heating degree days by NUTS 2 region, heating degree days

2025 · the EU's 237 NUTS 2 regions
heating degree days
  • 48–1,707 (47 regions)
  • 1,727–2,387 (48 regions)
  • 2,388–2,706 (47 regions)
  • 2,709–3,093 (48 regions)
  • 3,100–5,730 (47 regions)
  • no value

Zoom with two fingers, or with Ctrl and the scroll wheel or the buttons. Zoomed in, drag to move.

AzoresMadeiraCanary IslandsGuadeloupeMartiniqueFrench GuianaRéunionMayotte
How to read: the regions fall into five bands, each with about a fifth of them. The stronger the colour, the higher the value. Pointing at a region or tapping it shows its name, its value and its country's figure.Source: Eurostat (nrg_chddr2_a), NUTS 2024, level 2. Boundaries: © EuroGeographics for the administrative boundaries. The country and the EU: Eurostat (nrg_chdd_a).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·

Austria3,339

  1. Tirol4,099 heating degree days
  2. Salzburg3,769 heating degree days
  3. Vorarlberg3,521 heating degree days
  4. Kärnten3,380 heating degree days
  5. Steiermark3,279 heating degree days
  6. Oberösterreich3,091 heating degree days
  7. Niederösterreich2,992 heating degree days
  8. Burgenland2,681 heating degree days
  9. Wien2,581 heating degree days

Belgium2,474

  1. Prov. Luxembourg (BE)2,851 heating degree days
  2. Prov. Liège2,706 heating degree days
  3. Prov. Namur2,565 heating degree days
  4. Prov. Hainaut2,411 heating degree days
  5. Prov. Brabant wallon2,388 heating degree days
  6. Prov. Limburg (BE)2,359 heating degree days
  7. Prov. Antwerpen2,296 heating degree days
  8. Prov. Vlaams-Brabant2,276 heating degree days
  9. Prov. Oost-Vlaanderen2,267 heating degree days
  10. Région de Bruxelles-Capitale/Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest2,265 heating degree days
  11. Prov. West-Vlaanderen2,247 heating degree days

Bulgaria2,325

  1. Yugozapaden2,738 heating degree days
  2. Severozapaden2,426 heating degree days
  3. Severen tsentralen2,327 heating degree days
  4. Yuzhen tsentralen2,320 heating degree days
  5. Severoiztochen2,178 heating degree days
  6. Yugoiztochen1,915 heating degree days

Croatia2,139

  1. Sjeverna Hrvatska2,392 heating degree days
  2. Panonska Hrvatska2,320 heating degree days
  3. Grad Zagreb2,249 heating degree days
  4. Jadranska Hrvatska1,881 heating degree days

Cyprus609

  1. Kýpros609 heating degree days

Czechia3,205

  1. Jihozápad3,287 heating degree days
  2. Severovýchod3,284 heating degree days
  3. Severozápad3,236 heating degree days
  4. Moravskoslezsko3,216 heating degree days
  5. Střední Morava3,178 heating degree days
  6. Jihovýchod3,149 heating degree days
  7. Střední Čechy3,063 heating degree days
  8. Praha2,933 heating degree days

Denmark2,917

  1. Nordjylland2,961 heating degree days
  2. Midtjylland2,956 heating degree days
  3. Hovedstaden2,886 heating degree days
  4. Syddanmark2,879 heating degree days
  5. Sjælland2,873 heating degree days

Estonia3,730

  1. Eesti3,730 heating degree days

Finland5,025

  1. Pohjois- ja Itä-Suomi5,427 heating degree days
  2. Länsi-Suomi4,350 heating degree days
  3. Etelä-Suomi4,031 heating degree days
  4. Helsinki-Uusimaa3,832 heating degree days
  5. Åland3,653 heating degree days

France2,142

  1. Franche-Comté2,583 heating degree days
  2. Auvergne2,568 heating degree days
  3. Lorraine2,546 heating degree days
  4. Rhône-Alpes2,522 heating degree days
  5. Alsace2,464 heating degree days
  6. Champagne-Ardenne2,403 heating degree days
  7. Picardie2,335 heating degree days
  8. Bourgogne2,334 heating degree days
  9. Nord-Pas de Calais2,314 heating degree days
  10. Haute-Normandie2,299 heating degree days
  11. Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur2,193 heating degree days
  12. Ile de France2,192 heating degree days
  13. Basse-Normandie2,186 heating degree days
  14. Limousin2,167 heating degree days
  15. Centre — Val de Loire2,134 heating degree days
  16. Bretagne1,954 heating degree days
  17. Midi-Pyrénées1,926 heating degree days
  18. Pays de la Loire1,903 heating degree days
  19. Languedoc-Roussillon1,839 heating degree days
  20. Poitou-Charentes1,788 heating degree days
  21. Aquitaine1,567 heating degree days
  22. Corse1,293 heating degree days
  23. Guadeloupeno value
  24. Martinique no value
  25. Guyaneno value
  26. La Réunion no value
  27. Mayotteno value

Germany2,858

  1. Oberpfalz3,199 heating degree days
  2. Oberfranken3,179 heating degree days
  3. Schwaben3,166 heating degree days
  4. Chemnitz3,166 heating degree days
  5. Tübingen3,160 heating degree days
  6. Oberbayern3,093 heating degree days
  7. Niederbayern3,082 heating degree days
  8. Thüringen3,027 heating degree days
  9. Mittelfranken3,024 heating degree days
  10. Kassel2,987 heating degree days
  11. Dresden2,969 heating degree days
  12. Gießen2,886 heating degree days
  13. Freiburg2,883 heating degree days
  14. Unterfranken2,878 heating degree days
  15. Braunschweig2,858 heating degree days
  16. Mecklenburg-Vorpommern2,853 heating degree days
  17. Stuttgart2,846 heating degree days
  18. Arnsberg2,835 heating degree days
  19. Trier2,819 heating degree days
  20. Brandenburg2,817 heating degree days
  21. Schleswig-Holstein2,802 heating degree days
  22. Sachsen-Anhalt2,794 heating degree days
  23. Leipzig2,762 heating degree days
  24. Lüneburg2,761 heating degree days
  25. Karlsruhe2,723 heating degree days
  26. Koblenz2,720 heating degree days
  27. Hamburg2,712 heating degree days
  28. Detmold2,709 heating degree days
  29. Bremen2,677 heating degree days
  30. Hannover2,672 heating degree days
  31. Berlin2,667 heating degree days
  32. Darmstadt2,620 heating degree days
  33. Weser-Ems2,611 heating degree days
  34. Saarland2,594 heating degree days
  35. Rheinhessen-Pfalz2,551 heating degree days
  36. Köln2,536 heating degree days
  37. Münster2,520 heating degree days
  38. Düsseldorf2,372 heating degree days

Greece1,446

  1. Dytiki Makedonia2,217 heating degree days
  2. Anatoliki Makedonia, Thraki1,762 heating degree days
  3. Kentriki Makedonia1,701 heating degree days
  4. Thessalia1,662 heating degree days
  5. Ipeiros1,594 heating degree days
  6. Sterea Elláda1,401 heating degree days
  7. Peloponnisos1,265 heating degree days
  8. Dytiki Elláda1,237 heating degree days
  9. Voreio Aigaio960 heating degree days
  10. Attiki951 heating degree days
  11. Ionia Nisia847 heating degree days
  12. Kriti824 heating degree days
  13. Notio Aigaio505 heating degree days

Hungary2,559

  1. Észak-Magyarország2,767 heating degree days
  2. Közép-Dunántúl2,589 heating degree days
  3. Észak-Alföld2,573 heating degree days
  4. Pest2,558 heating degree days
  5. Nyugat-Dunántúl2,553 heating degree days
  6. Dél-Dunántúl2,463 heating degree days
  7. Dél-Alföld2,456 heating degree days
  8. Budapest2,415 heating degree days

Ireland2,465

  1. Eastern and Midland2,560 heating degree days
  2. Northern and Western2,539 heating degree days
  3. Southern2,354 heating degree days

Italy1,740

  1. Valle d’Aosta/Vallée d’Aoste4,304 heating degree days
  2. Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano/Bozen3,974 heating degree days
  3. Provincia Autonoma di Trento3,213 heating degree days
  4. Piemonte2,508 heating degree days
  5. Lombardia2,287 heating degree days
  6. Friuli-Venezia Giulia2,282 heating degree days
  7. Veneto2,159 heating degree days
  8. Emilia-Romagna1,891 heating degree days
  9. Abruzzo1,790 heating degree days
  10. Liguria1,688 heating degree days
  11. Umbria1,683 heating degree days
  12. Molise1,619 heating degree days
  13. Marche1,618 heating degree days
  14. Basilicata1,508 heating degree days
  15. Toscana1,443 heating degree days
  16. Lazio1,304 heating degree days
  17. Campania1,302 heating degree days
  18. Calabria1,222 heating degree days
  19. Puglia1,103 heating degree days
  20. Sardegna1,024 heating degree days
  21. Sicilia972 heating degree days

Latvia3,617

  1. Latvija3,617 heating degree days

Lithuania3,462

  1. Sostinės regionas3,508 heating degree days
  2. Vidurio ir vakarų Lietuvos regionas3,454 heating degree days

Luxembourg2,826

  1. Luxembourg2,826 heating degree days

Malta315

  1. Malta315 heating degree days

Netherlands2,451

  1. Drenthe2,624 heating degree days
  2. Groningen2,597 heating degree days
  3. Friesland (NL)2,566 heating degree days
  4. Overijssel2,532 heating degree days
  5. Gelderland2,485 heating degree days
  6. Flevoland2,474 heating degree days
  7. Utrecht2,413 heating degree days
  8. Noord-Brabant2,387 heating degree days
  9. Limburg (NL)2,372 heating degree days
  10. Noord-Holland2,362 heating degree days
  11. Zuid-Holland2,298 heating degree days
  12. Zeeland2,228 heating degree days

Poland3,098

  1. Podlaskie3,279 heating degree days
  2. Warmińsko-mazurskie3,220 heating degree days
  3. Małopolskie3,198 heating degree days
  4. Pomorskie3,187 heating degree days
  5. Świętokrzyskie3,155 heating degree days
  6. Lubelskie3,128 heating degree days
  7. Śląskie3,124 heating degree days
  8. Mazowiecki regionalny3,105 heating degree days
  9. Kujawsko-pomorskie3,100 heating degree days
  10. Łódzkie3,088 heating degree days
  11. Dolnośląskie3,059 heating degree days
  12. Podkarpackie3,042 heating degree days
  13. Zachodniopomorskie3,030 heating degree days
  14. Wielkopolskie2,989 heating degree days
  15. Warszawski stołeczny2,980 heating degree days
  16. Opolskie2,969 heating degree days
  17. Lubuskie2,888 heating degree days

Portugal1,160

  1. Norte1,556 heating degree days
  2. Centro (PT)1,298 heating degree days
  3. Alentejo938 heating degree days
  4. Oeste e Vale do Tejo903 heating degree days
  5. Península de Setúbal754 heating degree days
  6. Algarve748 heating degree days
  7. Grande Lisboa709 heating degree days
  8. Região Autónoma dos Açoresno value
  9. Região Autónoma da Madeirano value

Romania2,730

  1. Centru3,168 heating degree days
  2. Nord-Est3,012 heating degree days
  3. Nord-Vest2,861 heating degree days
  4. Vest2,571 heating degree days
  5. Sud-Vest Oltenia2,537 heating degree days
  6. Sud-Muntenia2,522 heating degree days
  7. Sud-Est2,416 heating degree days
  8. Bucureşti-Ilfov2,298 heating degree days

Slovakia3,041

  1. Stredné Slovensko3,247 heating degree days
  2. Východné Slovensko3,164 heating degree days
  3. Západné Slovensko2,740 heating degree days
  4. Bratislavský kraj2,664 heating degree days

Slovenia2,599

  1. Vzhodna Slovenija2,625 heating degree days
  2. Zahodna Slovenija2,557 heating degree days

Spain1,602

  1. Castilla y León2,223 heating degree days
  2. La Rioja2,080 heating degree days
  3. Aragón1,933 heating degree days
  4. Comunidad Foral de Navarra1,774 heating degree days
  5. Cantabria1,736 heating degree days
  6. Comunidad de Madrid1,727 heating degree days
  7. Castilla-La Mancha1,707 heating degree days
  8. Cataluña1,684 heating degree days
  9. Principado de Asturias1,682 heating degree days
  10. Galicia1,625 heating degree days
  11. País Vasco1,518 heating degree days
  12. Extremadura1,192 heating degree days
  13. Comunitat Valenciana1,174 heating degree days
  14. Andalucía1,065 heating degree days
  15. Región de Murcia966 heating degree days
  16. Illes Balears692 heating degree days
  17. Ciudad de Melilla382 heating degree days
  18. Ciudad de Ceuta228 heating degree days
  19. Canarias48 heating degree days

Sweden4,646

  1. Övre Norrland5,730 heating degree days
  2. Mellersta Norrland4,909 heating degree days
  3. Norra Mellansverige4,218 heating degree days
  4. Östra Mellansverige3,539 heating degree days
  5. Stockholm3,494 heating degree days
  6. Småland med öarna3,403 heating degree days
  7. Västsverige3,292 heating degree days
  8. Sydsverige3,063 heating degree days

Over time

From 1980 to 2025, the EU figure fell from 3,718 heating degree days to 2,828 heating degree days.

Heating degree days in the EU, heating degree days

1980–2025
EU, by year: 1980 3,718 heating degree days, 1981 3,507 heating degree days, 1982 3,355 heating degree days, 1983 3,315 heating degree days, 1984 3,472 heating degree days, 1985 3,764 heating degree days, 1986 3,563 heating degree days, 1987 3,703 heating degree days, 1988 3,326 heating degree days, 1989 3,047 heating degree days, 1990 3,069 heating degree days, 1991 3,434 heating degree days, 1992 3,242 heating degree days, 1993 3,408 heating degree days, 1994 3,181 heating degree days, 1995 3,255 heating degree days, 1996 3,572 heating degree days, 1997 3,231 heating degree days, 1998 3,303 heating degree days, 1999 3,166 heating degree days, 2000 2,997 heating degree days, 2001 3,248 heating degree days, 2002 3,100 heating degree days, 2003 3,260 heating degree days, 2004 3,251 heating degree days, 2005 3,246 heating degree days, 2006 3,117 heating degree days, 2007 3,019 heating degree days, 2008 3,073 heating degree days, 2009 3,148 heating degree days, 2010 3,535 heating degree days, 2011 3,003 heating degree days, 2012 3,272 heating degree days, 2013 3,194 heating degree days, 2014 2,851 heating degree days, 2015 2,934 heating degree days, 2016 3,067 heating degree days, 2017 3,079 heating degree days, 2018 2,974 heating degree days, 2019 2,945 heating degree days, 2020 2,795 heating degree days, 2021 3,161 heating degree days, 2022 2,889 heating degree days, 2023 2,852 heating degree days, 2024 2,729 heating degree days, 2025 2,828 heating degree days.
How to read: one value a year, from 1980 to 2025. The axis does not start at zero, so that the change shows.Source: Eurostat, Cooling and heating degree days by country - annual data (nrg_chdd_a).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·

Between 1980 and 2025, heating degree days fell in 27 countries.

Heating degree days, heating degree days

1980 and 2025 · ranked by 2025
20251980ChangeChange
02,0004,0006,000%
EU, 2025: 2,828 heating degree days, 1980: 3,718 heating degree days, Change: −24 %
Rank 1: Finland, 2025: 5,025 heating degree days, 1980: 6,317 heating degree days, Change: −20 %
Rank 2: Sweden, 2025: 4,646 heating degree days, 1980: 5,966 heating degree days, Change: −22 %
Rank 3: Estonia, 2025: 3,730 heating degree days, 1980: 4,965 heating degree days, Change: −25 %
Rank 4: Latvia, 2025: 3,617 heating degree days, 1980: 4,838 heating degree days, Change: −25 %
Rank 5: Lithuania, 2025: 3,462 heating degree days, 1980: 4,717 heating degree days, Change: −27 %
Rank 6: Austria, 2025: 3,339 heating degree days, 1980: 4,321 heating degree days, Change: −23 %
Rank 7: Czechia, 2025: 3,205 heating degree days, 1980: 4,081 heating degree days, Change: −21 %
Rank 8: Poland, 2025: 3,098 heating degree days, 1980: 4,175 heating degree days, Change: −26 %
Rank 9: Slovakia, 2025: 3,041 heating degree days, 1980: 4,000 heating degree days, Change: −24 %
Rank 10: Denmark, 2025: 2,917 heating degree days, 1980: 3,826 heating degree days, Change: −24 %
Rank 11: Germany, 2025: 2,858 heating degree days, 1980: 3,662 heating degree days, Change: −22 %
Rank 12: Luxembourg, 2025: 2,826 heating degree days, 1980: 3,585 heating degree days, Change: −21 %
Rank 13: Romania, 2025: 2,730 heating degree days, 1980: 3,613 heating degree days, Change: −24 %
Rank 14: Slovenia, 2025: 2,599 heating degree days, 1980: 3,558 heating degree days, Change: −27 %
Rank 15: Hungary, 2025: 2,559 heating degree days, 1980: 3,313 heating degree days, Change: −23 %
Rank 16: Belgium, 2025: 2,474 heating degree days, 1980: 3,206 heating degree days, Change: −23 %
Rank 17: Ireland, 2025: 2,465 heating degree days, 1980: 3,129 heating degree days, Change: −21 %
Rank 18: Netherlands, 2025: 2,451 heating degree days, 1980: 3,229 heating degree days, Change: −24 %
Rank 19: Bulgaria, 2025: 2,325 heating degree days, 1980: 3,049 heating degree days, Change: −24 %
Rank 20: France, 2025: 2,142 heating degree days, 1980: 2,919 heating degree days, Change: −27 %
Rank 21: Croatia, 2025: 2,139 heating degree days, 1980: 2,865 heating degree days, Change: −25 %
Rank 22: Italy, 2025: 1,740 heating degree days, 1980: 2,467 heating degree days, Change: −29 %
Rank 23: Spain, 2025: 1,602 heating degree days, 1980: 2,206 heating degree days, Change: −27 %
Rank 24: Greece, 2025: 1,446 heating degree days, 1980: 1,950 heating degree days, Change: −26 %
Rank 25: Portugal, 2025: 1,160 heating degree days, 1980: 1,482 heating degree days, Change: −22 %
Rank 26: Cyprus, 2025: 609 heating degree days, 1980: 913 heating degree days, Change: −33 %
Rank 27: Malta, 2025: 315 heating degree days, 1980: 755 heating degree days, Change: −58 %
How to read: each arrow goes from 1980 (outlined dot) to 2025 (filled dot). A leftward arrow means heating degree days fell. Each value is beside its dot. The column on the right is the change in % of the 1980 value. Countries are ranked by 2025.Source: Eurostat, Cooling and heating degree days by country - annual data (nrg_chdd_a).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·

Hot summers

Cooling degree days were highest in Cyprus, at 854 cooling degree days.

Cooling degree days

2025
02004006008001,000cooling degree days
EU, 128 cooling degree days
Rank 1: Cyprus, 854 cooling degree days
Rank 2: Malta, 727 cooling degree days
Rank 3: Greece, 409 cooling degree days
Rank 4: Spain, 387 cooling degree days
Rank 5: Portugal, 298 cooling degree days
Rank 6: Italy, 287 cooling degree days
Rank 7: Bulgaria, 251 cooling degree days
Rank 8: Croatia, 179 cooling degree days
Rank 9: Romania, 144 cooling degree days
Rank 10: Hungary, 126 cooling degree days
Rank 11: France, 101 cooling degree days
Rank 12: Slovenia, 74 cooling degree days
Rank 13: Slovakia, 30 cooling degree days
Rank 14: Belgium, 26 cooling degree days
Rank 15: Austria, 25 cooling degree days
Rank 16: Luxembourg, 22 cooling degree days
Rank 17: Germany, 19 cooling degree days
Rank 18: Netherlands, 17 cooling degree days
Rank 19: Czechia, 13 cooling degree days
Rank 20: Poland, 7 cooling degree days
Rank 21: Finland, 5 cooling degree days
Rank 22: Estonia, 1 cooling degree days
Rank 23: Sweden, 0 cooling degree days
Rank 24: Latvia, 0 cooling degree days
Rank 25: Denmark, 0 cooling degree days
Rank 26: Ireland, 0 cooling degree days
Rank 26: Lithuania, 0 cooling degree days
How to read: bars start at zero. Every country with a value is shown, ranked from highest to lowest.Source: Eurostat, Cooling and heating degree days by country - annual data (nrg_chdd_a).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·

About the data

Heating degree days add up, over the year, how many degrees each day's mean outdoor air temperature fell below 18 °C on the days of 15 °C or colder, and cooling degree days how many degrees it rose above 21 °C on the days of 24 °C or warmer.

Eurostat: “Heating degree day (HDD) index is a weather-based technical index designed to describe the need for the heating energy requirements of buildings. Cooling degree day (CDD) index is a weather-based technical index designed to describe the need for the cooling (air-conditioning) requirements of buildings.” (source)

Calculated from daily air temperatures measured at weather stations across Europe, interpolated to a grid of 25 km squares by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC). Eurostat republishes the JRC's monthly figures and adds them up to calendar years. The figures come from measurements, not from a survey.

How to read these numbers

How it is measured

Degree days describe the weather, not the energy people use. How much energy a building needs for heating or cooling also depends on where it stands, its design, insulation and use, and its heating or cooling system.

A day adds to the heating degree days only when its mean outdoor temperature is 15 °C or lower, and to the cooling degree days only when it is 24 °C or higher. Days between these limits add nothing to either measure.

Cooling degree days add up daily mean temperatures. They do not show the hottest hours of a day or single heat waves.

A country's value is an average over its land area, not over where its people live. Every square kilometre counts the same, whether many people live there or few. The EU figure is an average over the land area of the 27 countries in the same way.

France's value covers metropolitan France only. The outermost regions, such as Guadeloupe or Réunion, are not included.

Portugal's value covers the mainland only. The Azores and Madeira are not included.

Spain's value includes Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria and Lanzarote from the Canary Islands. El Hierro, La Gomera, La Palma and Tenerife are not included.

A region's value is also an average over its land area. A larger region's value is an average over the land area of the smaller regions in it.

The figures come from temperatures estimated on a grid of squares 25 kilometres wide. Differences inside a square, such as a city centre warmer than its outskirts, do not show.

The regions follow the 2024 version of the EU's classification of regions (NUTS) for every year back to 1980. Eurostat's metadata for the dataset still name the 2006 version.

Revisions

Eurostat's values for past years have changed since it published them in 2023, and the series now starts in 1980 instead of 1979. Figures in older Eurostat publications on degree days can differ from today's data.

Sources and data

Eurostat, Cooling and heating degree days by country - annual data (nrg_chdd_a). Data updated 8 May 2026, retrieved 7 November 2026. Licence: CC BY 4.0.

Eurostat metadata · Eurostat methodology

The exact Eurostat API query

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/nrg_chdd_a?format=JSON&lang=en&freq=A&geo=AT&geo=BE&geo=BG&geo=CY&geo=CZ&geo=DE&geo=DK&geo=EE&geo=EL&geo=ES&geo=EU27_2020&geo=FI&geo=FR&geo=HR&geo=HU&geo=IE&geo=IT&geo=LT&geo=LU&geo=LV&geo=MT&geo=NL&geo=PL&geo=PT&geo=RO&geo=SE&geo=SI&geo=SK&indic_nrg=HDD&unit=NR

How every number in this story was computed

Related stories

All stories in Energy and environment