How the numbers were computed

For the story The gender pension gap in the EU countries.

Every number in the story is a Eurostat value or is computed from Eurostat values. Each value is named by dataset, Eurostat key and period. Each request is kept as received.

The ranking

Ranks

Rank by value, highest first. Equal values share a rank, and the next rank is skipped. There are no ties in this ranking.

27 values, one per country ilc_pnp13:A.Y65-79.PC.AVG.<geo>@2025 (<geo> is the country code) · request r1

35.0 percentage points

Highest value − lowest value, in percentage points: 38.5 − 3.5 = 35.0. Rounding: each value rounded to 1 decimal as displayed, then subtracted.

38.5: Malta, 2025 ilc_pnp13:A.Y65-79.PC.AVG.MT@2025 · request r1
3.5: Estonia, 2025 ilc_pnp13:A.Y65-79.PC.AVG.EE@2025 · request r1

27 / 27

EU countries with a value for 2025: all 27 of the 27 EU member states.

27 values, one per country ilc_pnp13:A.Y65-79.PC.AVG.<geo>@2025 (<geo> is the country code) · request r1

Over time

The EU figure, 2020–2025

The figure of the European Union - 27 countries (from 2020) as Eurostat publishes it, one value a year.

27.8: European Union - 27 countries (from 2020), 2020 ilc_pnp13:A.Y65-79.PC.AVG.EU27_2020@2020 · request r1
26.9: European Union - 27 countries (from 2020), 2021 ilc_pnp13:A.Y65-79.PC.AVG.EU27_2020@2021 · request r1
26.0: European Union - 27 countries (from 2020), 2022 ilc_pnp13:A.Y65-79.PC.AVG.EU27_2020@2022 · request r1
25.1: European Union - 27 countries (from 2020), 2023 ilc_pnp13:A.Y65-79.PC.AVG.EU27_2020@2023 · request r1
24.8: European Union - 27 countries (from 2020), 2024 ilc_pnp13:A.Y65-79.PC.AVG.EU27_2020@2024 · request r1
24.2: European Union - 27 countries (from 2020), 2025 ilc_pnp13:A.Y65-79.PC.AVG.EU27_2020@2025 · request r1

Differences, 2025 − 2020

Per country and for the EU, the 2025 value minus the 2020 value. Rounding: each value rounded to 1 decimal as displayed, then subtracted.

28 values, one per country and the EU's ilc_pnp13:A.Y65-79.PC.AVG.<geo>@2025 (<geo> is the country code or the EU's) · request r1
28 values, one per country and the EU's ilc_pnp13:A.Y65-79.PC.AVG.<geo>@2020 (<geo> is the country code or the EU's) · request r1

Countries where the gap narrowed

The countries whose difference 2025 − 2020 is below zero, 21 in all.

uses Differences, 2025 − 2020

Countries where the gap widened

The countries whose difference 2025 − 2020 is above zero, 6 in all.

uses Differences, 2025 − 2020

Who receives no pension

Ranks, the gap in pension coverage

Rank by value, highest first. Equal values share a rank, and the next rank is skipped. Germany and Finland, at −0.3 percentage points each, are both 16th, and Hungary is 18th.

27 values, one per country ilc_pnp14:A.Y65-79.NR.<geo>@2025 (<geo> is the country code) · request r3

27.1 percentage points

Highest value − lowest value, in percentage points: 23.6 − (−3.5) = 27.1. Rounding: each value rounded to 1 decimal as displayed, then subtracted.

23.6: Spain, 2025 ilc_pnp14:A.Y65-79.NR.ES@2025 · request r3
−3.5: Lithuania, 2025 ilc_pnp14:A.Y65-79.NR.LT@2025 · request r3

The average and the median

Ranks, the median

Rank by value, highest first. Equal values share a rank, and the next rank is skipped. Poland and Romania, at 19.3% each, are both 13th, and Finland is 15th.

27 values, one per country ilc_pnp13m:A.MED.Y65-79.PC.<geo>@2025 (<geo> is the country code) · request r2

40.9 percentage points

Highest value − lowest value, in percentage points: 41.5 − 0.6 = 40.9. Rounding: each value rounded to 1 decimal as displayed, then subtracted.

41.5: Luxembourg, 2025 ilc_pnp13m:A.MED.Y65-79.PC.LU@2025 · request r2
0.6: Estonia, 2025 ilc_pnp13m:A.MED.Y65-79.PC.EE@2025 · request r2