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Magyar

Who cannot keep their home warm

Topic: Living conditions

18.1% of people in Greece cannot afford to keep their home warm, against 2.6% in Finland.

In 2025, 8.8% of people in the EU lived in a household that could not afford to keep the home adequately warm. Households say this themselves in a survey.

Figures for:
2025.
Covers:
the time of the survey.
New data:
once a year.
Dataset updated:
20 October 2026.

27 / 27 EU countries ranked

The ranking

In 2025, the share of people who cannot afford to keep their home adequately warm ranged from 2.6% in Finland to 18.1% in Greece.

Share of people who cannot afford to keep their home adequately warm, %

2025
05101520%
Rank 1: Greece, 18.1 %
Rank 2: Lithuania, 16.7 %
Rank 3: Bulgaria, 16.1 %
Rank 4: Spain, 15.9 %
Rank 5: Portugal, 15.6 %
Rank 6: Romania, 11.9 %
Rank 7: France, 11.5 %
Rank 8: Cyprus, 11.3 %
Rank 9: Italy, 8.6 %
Rank 10: Slovakia, 8.1 %
Rank 11: Malta, 7.6 %
Rank 12: Netherlands, 6.6 %
Rank 13: Hungary, 5.8 %
Rank 14: Germany, 5.7 %
Rank 15: Sweden, 4.7 %
Rank 16: Denmark, 4.5 %
Rank 16: Ireland, 4.5 %
Rank 18: Latvia, 4.3 %
Rank 19: Belgium, 4.2 %
Rank 19: Croatia, 4.2 %
Rank 21: Czechia, 4.1 %
Rank 22: Austria, 4.0 %
Rank 23: Slovenia, 3.6 %
Rank 24: Luxembourg, 3.5 %
Rank 25: Poland, 3.2 %
Rank 26: Estonia, 3.1 %
Rank 27: Finland, 2.6 %
How to read: bars start at zero. Every country with a value is shown, ranked from highest to lowest.Source: Eurostat, Inability to keep home adequately warm (ilc_mdes01).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0Download image ·

Poverty risk and cold homes

Among people not at risk of poverty, the gap was narrower. It ranged from 1.8% in Croatia and Latvia to 13.7% in Greece. The gap was 11.9 percentage points.

Among people at risk of poverty, the gap was wider. It ranged from 5.7% in Estonia to 36.1% in Greece. The gap was 30.4 percentage points.

Share of people who cannot afford to keep their home adequately warm: not at risk of poverty and at risk of poverty, %

2025
Not at risk of povertyAt risk of povertyAt risk of poverty − not at risk of povertyDifference
0102030%
Rank 1: Greece, Not at risk of poverty: 13.7 %, At risk of poverty: 36.1 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +22.4
Rank 2: Cyprus, Not at risk of poverty: 7.2 %, At risk of poverty: 34.6 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +27.4
Rank 3: Bulgaria, Not at risk of poverty: 11.5 %, At risk of poverty: 33.1 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +21.6
Rank 4: Lithuania, Not at risk of poverty: 12.4 %, At risk of poverty: 31.6 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +19.2
Rank 5: Portugal, Not at risk of poverty: 12.8 %, At risk of poverty: 30.6 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +17.8
Rank 6: Spain, Not at risk of poverty: 12.9 %, At risk of poverty: 28.3 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +15.4
Rank 7: Slovakia, Not at risk of poverty: 5.5 %, At risk of poverty: 27.0 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +21.5
Rank 8: France, Not at risk of poverty: 9.2 %, At risk of poverty: 23.5 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +14.3
Rank 9: Romania, Not at risk of poverty: 9.7 %, At risk of poverty: 21.4 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +11.7
Rank 10: Netherlands, Not at risk of poverty: 4.4 %, At risk of poverty: 21.3 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +16.9
Rank 11: Italy, Not at risk of poverty: 5.8 %, At risk of poverty: 20.9 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +15.1
Rank 12: Hungary, Not at risk of poverty: 4.0 %, At risk of poverty: 16.8 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +12.8
Rank 13: Croatia, Not at risk of poverty: 1.8 %, At risk of poverty: 13.7 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +11.9
Rank 14: Belgium, Not at risk of poverty: 3.1 %, At risk of poverty: 13.2 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +10.1
Rank 15: Czechia, Not at risk of poverty: 3.1 %, At risk of poverty: 12.8 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +9.7
Rank 15: Latvia, Not at risk of poverty: 1.8 %, At risk of poverty: 12.8 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +11.0
Rank 17: Germany, Not at risk of poverty: 4.4 %, At risk of poverty: 12.6 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +8.2
Rank 18: Denmark, Not at risk of poverty: 3.5 %, At risk of poverty: 11.7 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +8.2
Rank 19: Malta, Not at risk of poverty: 6.9 %, At risk of poverty: 10.9 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +4.0
Rank 20: Ireland, Not at risk of poverty: 3.5 %, At risk of poverty: 10.7 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +7.2
Rank 21: Sweden, Not at risk of poverty: 3.7 %, At risk of poverty: 10.1 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +6.4
Rank 22: Slovenia, Not at risk of poverty: 2.5 %, At risk of poverty: 10.0 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +7.5
Rank 23: Austria, Not at risk of poverty: 3.1 %, At risk of poverty: 9.0 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +5.9
Rank 24: Luxembourg, Not at risk of poverty: 2.7 %, At risk of poverty: 8.7 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +6.0
Rank 25: Poland, Not at risk of poverty: 2.6 %, At risk of poverty: 7.3 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +4.7
Rank 26: Finland, Not at risk of poverty: 2.1 %, At risk of poverty: 6.1 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +4.0
Rank 27: Estonia, Not at risk of poverty: 2.5 %, At risk of poverty: 5.7 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +3.2
How to read: the filled dot is at risk of poverty, the outlined dot not at risk of poverty, each with its value beside it. The column on the right is their difference, at risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty. Countries are ranked by at risk of poverty.Source: Eurostat, Inability to keep home adequately warm (ilc_mdes01).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0Download image ·
EveryoneNot at risk of povertyAt risk of poverty
Lowest2.6%Finland1.8%Croatia and Latvia5.7%Estonia
Highest18.1%Greece13.7%Greece36.1%Greece
Highest − lowest15.5 pp11.9 pp30.4 pp

Everyone

Lowest: 2.6% (Finland)Highest: 18.1% (Greece)Highest − lowest: 15.5 pp

Not at risk of poverty

Lowest: 1.8% (Croatia and Latvia)Highest: 13.7% (Greece)Highest − lowest: 11.9 pp

At risk of poverty

Lowest: 5.7% (Estonia)Highest: 36.1% (Greece)Highest − lowest: 30.4 pp

Living alone and single parents

In the EU, 15.0% of people in single-parent households could not afford to keep their home warm, against 5.6% of people in households of two adults with two children.

Share of people who cannot afford to keep their home warm, by household type, %

2025
allalone, under 65alone, 65+single parent2 adults2 adults, 1 child2 adults, 2 children2 adults, 3+ children
EU, all: 8.8 %,alone, under 65: 12.7 %,alone, 65+: 11.4 %,single parent: 15.0 %,2 adults: 7.1 %,2 adults, 1 child: 6.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 9.3 %,
Rank 1: Greece, all: 18.1 %,alone, under 65: 25.4 %,alone, 65+: 27.1 %,single parent: 23.0 %,2 adults: 17.1 %,2 adults, 1 child: 13.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 13.3 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 22.0 %,
Rank 2: Lithuania, all: 16.7 %,alone, under 65: 20.4 %,alone, 65+: 29.4 %,single parent: 18.3 %,2 adults: 17.9 %,2 adults, 1 child: 7.7 %,2 adults, 2 children: 8.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 23.6 %,
Rank 3: Bulgaria, all: 16.1 %,alone, under 65: 16.6 %,alone, 65+: 29.6 %,single parent: 20.7 %,2 adults: 16.7 %,2 adults, 1 child: 9.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 9.7 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 27.3 %,
Rank 4: Spain, all: 15.9 %,alone, under 65: 22.3 %,alone, 65+: 15.0 %,single parent: 23.2 %,2 adults: 13.8 %,2 adults, 1 child: 13.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 11.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 16.4 %,
Rank 5: Portugal, all: 15.6 %,alone, under 65: 21.9 %,alone, 65+: 26.9 %,single parent: 18.6 %,2 adults: 18.5 %,2 adults, 1 child: 8.4 %,2 adults, 2 children: 7.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 4.8 %,
Rank 6: Romania, all: 11.9 %,alone, under 65: 12.9 %,alone, 65+: 17.6 %,single parent: 18.8 %,2 adults: 9.8 %,2 adults, 1 child: 9.7 %,2 adults, 2 children: 9.9 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.9 %,
Rank 7: France, all: 11.5 %,alone, under 65: 17.1 %,alone, 65+: 14.5 %,single parent: 22.5 %,2 adults: 8.7 %,2 adults, 1 child: 8.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.4 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 12.8 %,
Rank 8: Cyprus, all: 11.3 %,alone, under 65: 13.7 %,alone, 65+: 9.7 %,single parent: 28.7 %,2 adults: 10.4 %,2 adults, 1 child: 6.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 7.5 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 17.3 %,
Rank 9: Italy, all: 8.6 %,alone, under 65: 14.2 %,alone, 65+: 11.8 %,single parent: 11.4 %,2 adults: 7.3 %,2 adults, 1 child: 5.0 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.5 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 13.5 %,
Rank 10: Slovakia, all: 8.1 %,alone, under 65: 7.4 %,alone, 65+: 10.9 %,single parent: 9.3 %,2 adults: 5.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.0 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.0 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 10.9 %,
Rank 11: Malta, all: 7.6 %,alone, under 65: 14.0 %,alone, 65+: 5.1 %,single parent: 11.5 %,2 adults: 5.8 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 8.4 %,
Rank 12: Netherlands, all: 6.6 %,alone, under 65: 15.4 %,alone, 65+: 9.9 %,single parent: 20.9 %,2 adults: 5.2 %,2 adults, 1 child: 3.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.6 %,
Rank 13: Hungary, all: 5.8 %,alone, under 65: 7.9 %,alone, 65+: 10.0 %,single parent: 8.7 %,2 adults: 4.7 %,2 adults, 1 child: 5.1 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.3 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 6.7 %,
Rank 14: Germany, all: 5.7 %,alone, under 65: 8.6 %,alone, 65+: 5.0 %,single parent: 10.0 %,2 adults: 4.2 %,2 adults, 1 child: 4.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 7.3 %,
Rank 15: Sweden, all: 4.7 %,alone, under 65: 6.2 %,alone, 65+: 5.0 %,single parent: 7.8 %,2 adults: 2.9 %,2 adults, 1 child: 5.2 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.7 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 5.3 %,
Rank 16: Denmark, all: 4.5 %,alone, under 65: 8.1 %,alone, 65+: 4.7 %,single parent: 12.2 %,2 adults: 3.3 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.1 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.8 %,
Rank 16: Ireland, all: 4.5 %,alone, under 65: 11.7 %,alone, 65+: 6.3 %,single parent: 13.1 %,2 adults: 4.8 %,2 adults, 1 child: 4.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.9 %,
Rank 18: Latvia, all: 4.3 %,alone, under 65: 8.4 %,alone, 65+: 12.1 %,single parent: 4.3 %,2 adults: 4.0 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.5 %,
Rank 19: Belgium, all: 4.2 %,alone, under 65: 8.5 %,alone, 65+: 4.9 %,single parent: 8.0 %,2 adults: 1.7 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 4.0 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 5.0 %,
Rank 19: Croatia, all: 4.2 %,alone, under 65: 8.4 %,alone, 65+: 15.3 %,single parent: 5.2 %,2 adults: 5.9 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.4 %,
Rank 21: Czechia, all: 4.1 %,alone, under 65: 6.0 %,alone, 65+: 7.7 %,single parent: 7.7 %,2 adults: 3.4 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 4.1 %,
Rank 22: Austria, all: 4.0 %,alone, under 65: 6.7 %,alone, 65+: 5.1 %,single parent: 6.5 %,2 adults: 2.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 3.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.9 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 6.2 %,
Rank 23: Slovenia, all: 3.6 %,alone, under 65: 7.5 %,alone, 65+: 7.1 %,single parent: 7.2 %,2 adults: 3.2 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.9 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.4 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.5 %,
Rank 24: Luxembourg, all: 3.5 %,alone, under 65: 3.8 %,alone, 65+: 2.1 %,single parent: 9.3 %,2 adults: 2.9 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.0 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.7 %,
Rank 25: Poland, all: 3.2 %,alone, under 65: 6.5 %,alone, 65+: 8.1 %,single parent: 5.6 %,2 adults: 3.4 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.1 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.8 %,
Rank 26: Estonia, all: 3.1 %,alone, under 65: 5.2 %,alone, 65+: 6.4 %,single parent: 6.9 %,2 adults: 2.0 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 0.9 %,
Rank 27: Finland, all: 2.6 %,alone, under 65: 5.3 %,alone, 65+: 3.5 %,single parent: 5.0 %,2 adults: 1.3 %,2 adults, 1 child: 0.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.1 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 4.2 %,
allalone, under 65alone, 65+single parent2 adults
EU, all: 8.8 %,alone, under 65: 12.7 %,alone, 65+: 11.4 %,single parent: 15.0 %,2 adults: 7.1 %,
Rank 1: Greece, all: 18.1 %,alone, under 65: 25.4 %,alone, 65+: 27.1 %,single parent: 23.0 %,2 adults: 17.1 %,
Rank 2: Lithuania, all: 16.7 %,alone, under 65: 20.4 %,alone, 65+: 29.4 %,single parent: 18.3 %,2 adults: 17.9 %,
Rank 3: Bulgaria, all: 16.1 %,alone, under 65: 16.6 %,alone, 65+: 29.6 %,single parent: 20.7 %,2 adults: 16.7 %,
Rank 4: Spain, all: 15.9 %,alone, under 65: 22.3 %,alone, 65+: 15.0 %,single parent: 23.2 %,2 adults: 13.8 %,
Rank 5: Portugal, all: 15.6 %,alone, under 65: 21.9 %,alone, 65+: 26.9 %,single parent: 18.6 %,2 adults: 18.5 %,
Rank 6: Romania, all: 11.9 %,alone, under 65: 12.9 %,alone, 65+: 17.6 %,single parent: 18.8 %,2 adults: 9.8 %,
Rank 7: France, all: 11.5 %,alone, under 65: 17.1 %,alone, 65+: 14.5 %,single parent: 22.5 %,2 adults: 8.7 %,
Rank 8: Cyprus, all: 11.3 %,alone, under 65: 13.7 %,alone, 65+: 9.7 %,single parent: 28.7 %,2 adults: 10.4 %,
Rank 9: Italy, all: 8.6 %,alone, under 65: 14.2 %,alone, 65+: 11.8 %,single parent: 11.4 %,2 adults: 7.3 %,
Rank 10: Slovakia, all: 8.1 %,alone, under 65: 7.4 %,alone, 65+: 10.9 %,single parent: 9.3 %,2 adults: 5.6 %,
Rank 11: Malta, all: 7.6 %,alone, under 65: 14.0 %,alone, 65+: 5.1 %,single parent: 11.5 %,2 adults: 5.8 %,
Rank 12: Netherlands, all: 6.6 %,alone, under 65: 15.4 %,alone, 65+: 9.9 %,single parent: 20.9 %,2 adults: 5.2 %,
Rank 13: Hungary, all: 5.8 %,alone, under 65: 7.9 %,alone, 65+: 10.0 %,single parent: 8.7 %,2 adults: 4.7 %,
Rank 14: Germany, all: 5.7 %,alone, under 65: 8.6 %,alone, 65+: 5.0 %,single parent: 10.0 %,2 adults: 4.2 %,
Rank 15: Sweden, all: 4.7 %,alone, under 65: 6.2 %,alone, 65+: 5.0 %,single parent: 7.8 %,2 adults: 2.9 %,
Rank 16: Denmark, all: 4.5 %,alone, under 65: 8.1 %,alone, 65+: 4.7 %,single parent: 12.2 %,2 adults: 3.3 %,
Rank 16: Ireland, all: 4.5 %,alone, under 65: 11.7 %,alone, 65+: 6.3 %,single parent: 13.1 %,2 adults: 4.8 %,
Rank 18: Latvia, all: 4.3 %,alone, under 65: 8.4 %,alone, 65+: 12.1 %,single parent: 4.3 %,2 adults: 4.0 %,
Rank 19: Belgium, all: 4.2 %,alone, under 65: 8.5 %,alone, 65+: 4.9 %,single parent: 8.0 %,2 adults: 1.7 %,
Rank 19: Croatia, all: 4.2 %,alone, under 65: 8.4 %,alone, 65+: 15.3 %,single parent: 5.2 %,2 adults: 5.9 %,
Rank 21: Czechia, all: 4.1 %,alone, under 65: 6.0 %,alone, 65+: 7.7 %,single parent: 7.7 %,2 adults: 3.4 %,
Rank 22: Austria, all: 4.0 %,alone, under 65: 6.7 %,alone, 65+: 5.1 %,single parent: 6.5 %,2 adults: 2.6 %,
Rank 23: Slovenia, all: 3.6 %,alone, under 65: 7.5 %,alone, 65+: 7.1 %,single parent: 7.2 %,2 adults: 3.2 %,
Rank 24: Luxembourg, all: 3.5 %,alone, under 65: 3.8 %,alone, 65+: 2.1 %,single parent: 9.3 %,2 adults: 2.9 %,
Rank 25: Poland, all: 3.2 %,alone, under 65: 6.5 %,alone, 65+: 8.1 %,single parent: 5.6 %,2 adults: 3.4 %,
Rank 26: Estonia, all: 3.1 %,alone, under 65: 5.2 %,alone, 65+: 6.4 %,single parent: 6.9 %,2 adults: 2.0 %,
Rank 27: Finland, all: 2.6 %,alone, under 65: 5.3 %,alone, 65+: 3.5 %,single parent: 5.0 %,2 adults: 1.3 %,
all2 adults, 1 child2 adults, 2 children2 adults, 3+ children
EU, all: 8.8 %,2 adults, 1 child: 6.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 9.3 %,
Rank 1: Greece, all: 18.1 %,2 adults, 1 child: 13.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 13.3 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 22.0 %,
Rank 2: Lithuania, all: 16.7 %,2 adults, 1 child: 7.7 %,2 adults, 2 children: 8.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 23.6 %,
Rank 3: Bulgaria, all: 16.1 %,2 adults, 1 child: 9.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 9.7 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 27.3 %,
Rank 4: Spain, all: 15.9 %,2 adults, 1 child: 13.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 11.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 16.4 %,
Rank 5: Portugal, all: 15.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 8.4 %,2 adults, 2 children: 7.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 4.8 %,
Rank 6: Romania, all: 11.9 %,2 adults, 1 child: 9.7 %,2 adults, 2 children: 9.9 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.9 %,
Rank 7: France, all: 11.5 %,2 adults, 1 child: 8.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.4 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 12.8 %,
Rank 8: Cyprus, all: 11.3 %,2 adults, 1 child: 6.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 7.5 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 17.3 %,
Rank 9: Italy, all: 8.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 5.0 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.5 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 13.5 %,
Rank 10: Slovakia, all: 8.1 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.0 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.0 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 10.9 %,
Rank 11: Malta, all: 7.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 8.4 %,
Rank 12: Netherlands, all: 6.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 3.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.6 %,
Rank 13: Hungary, all: 5.8 %,2 adults, 1 child: 5.1 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.3 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 6.7 %,
Rank 14: Germany, all: 5.7 %,2 adults, 1 child: 4.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 5.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 7.3 %,
Rank 15: Sweden, all: 4.7 %,2 adults, 1 child: 5.2 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.7 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 5.3 %,
Rank 16: Denmark, all: 4.5 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.1 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.8 %,
Rank 16: Ireland, all: 4.5 %,2 adults, 1 child: 4.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.9 %,
Rank 18: Latvia, all: 4.3 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.8 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.5 %,
Rank 19: Belgium, all: 4.2 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.3 %,2 adults, 2 children: 4.0 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 5.0 %,
Rank 19: Croatia, all: 4.2 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.4 %,
Rank 21: Czechia, all: 4.1 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 4.1 %,
Rank 22: Austria, all: 4.0 %,2 adults, 1 child: 3.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.9 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 6.2 %,
Rank 23: Slovenia, all: 3.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.9 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.4 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.5 %,
Rank 24: Luxembourg, all: 3.5 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.6 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.0 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 3.7 %,
Rank 25: Poland, all: 3.2 %,2 adults, 1 child: 2.1 %,2 adults, 2 children: 2.6 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 2.8 %,
Rank 26: Estonia, all: 3.1 %,2 adults, 1 child: 1.5 %,2 adults, 2 children: 3.2 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 0.9 %,
Rank 27: Finland, all: 2.6 %,2 adults, 1 child: 0.8 %,2 adults, 2 children: 1.1 %,2 adults, 3+ children: 4.2 %,
How to read: one row per country, one column per group, each value in its cell. The stronger the colour, the higher the value. Countries are ranked by the “all” column.Source: Eurostat, Inability to keep home adequately warm (ilc_mdes01).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0Download image ·

About the data

The share of people living in private households who say that their household cannot afford to keep the home adequately warm, whether or not it actually needs heating.

Eurostat: “The indicator Inability to keep the house adequately warm measures the share of population living in private households who are unable to afford to keep the home adequately warm, regardless of whether the household actually needs to keep it adequately warm.” (source)

EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC): a yearly sample survey of households, run by the national statistical institutes. The answer is the household's own assessment.

How to read these numbers

How it is measured

The survey covers people living in private households. People in collective households and institutions are generally not included (Estonia includes collective households).

The figure is what households say about themselves, whether they can afford to keep their home adequately warm. It is about affordability only. It does not measure indoor temperatures, and homes that are cold for other reasons are not counted.

Provisional figures

Some 2025 values are provisional (flag p) and may be revised.

Sources and data

Eurostat, Inability to keep home adequately warm (ilc_mdes01). Data updated 20 October 2026, retrieved 29 October 2026. Licence: CC BY 4.0.

Eurostat metadata · Eurostat methodology

The exact Eurostat API query

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/ilc_mdes01?format=JSON&lang=en&freq=A&geo=AT&geo=BE&geo=BG&geo=CY&geo=CZ&geo=DE&geo=DK&geo=EE&geo=EL&geo=ES&geo=EU27_2020&geo=FI&geo=FR&geo=HR&geo=HU&geo=IE&geo=IT&geo=LT&geo=LU&geo=LV&geo=MT&geo=NL&geo=PL&geo=PT&geo=RO&geo=SE&geo=SI&geo=SK&hhcomp=TOTAL&rskpovth=TOTAL&unit=PC

How every number in this story was computed