Risk of poverty or social exclusion

Name: Risk of poverty or social exclusion, 2025
Creator: Civitascope
Published: 2026-11-01T15:33:24+00:00
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Topic: Living conditions

The risk of poverty or social exclusion ranges from 11.5% in Czechia to 29.0% in Bulgaria.

In 2025, 20.9% of people in the EU were at risk of poverty or social exclusion. It counts people at risk of poverty, severely materially and socially deprived, or in a household with very low work intensity, each person once. The incomes are those of the year before the survey.

The EU aims to reduce the number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion by at least 15 million by 2030, compared with 2019. Among children the reduction should be at least 5 million.

These figures are not from Eurostat. Sources: European Commission, The European Pillar of Social Rights Action Plan, COM(2021) 102 final (retrieved 31 October 2026), Eurostat, SDG 1 - No poverty (Statistics Explained) (retrieved 31 October 2026)

Figures for:: 2025.
Covers:: the time of the survey.
New data:: once a year.
Dataset updated:: 20 October 2026.

27 / 27 EU countries ranked

The ranking

In 2025, the share of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion was lowest in Czechia, at 11.5%, and highest in Bulgaria, at 29.0%.

Share of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion, %

2025

0102030%

Rank 1: Bulgaria, 29.0 %

Rank 2: Greece, 27.5 %

Rank 3: Romania, 27.4 %

Rank 4: Lithuania, 26.3 %

Rank 5: Spain, 25.7 %

Rank 6: Latvia, 24.7 %

Rank 7: Italy, 22.6 %

Rank 8: Estonia, 21.8 %

Rank 9: Germany, 21.2 %

Rank 10: France, 20.8 %

Rank 11: Croatia, 20.7 %

Rank 12: Hungary, 19.5 %

Rank 13: Malta, 19.4 %

Rank 14: Ireland, 18.8 %

Rank 15: Austria, 18.6 %

Rank 15: Portugal, 18.6 %

Rank 15: Sweden, 18.6 %

Rank 18: Luxembourg, 18.2 %

Rank 19: Denmark, 17.9 %

Rank 20: Finland, 17.2 %

Rank 21: Cyprus, 17.1 %

Rank 22: Slovakia, 16.7 %

Rank 23: Belgium, 16.5 %

Rank 24: Netherlands, 15.8 %

Rank 25: Slovenia, 15.5 %

Rank 26: Poland, 15.0 %

Rank 27: Czechia, 11.5 %

How to read: bars start at zero. Every country with a value is shown, ranked from highest to lowest.Source: Eurostat, Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion by age and sex (ilc_peps01n).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·

Children and older people

Among children under 18, the gap was slightly wider. It ranged from 12.5% in Slovenia to 33.8% in Spain. The gap between Spain and Slovenia was 21.3 percentage points.

Among people aged 65 or over, the spread across countries was also much wider. It was highest in Latvia, at 43.3%, and lowest in Luxembourg, at 8.5%. The highest and the lowest were 34.8 percentage points apart.

Share of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion: 65 or over and under 18, %

2025

65 or overUnder 18Rank 65 or overRank
(%)

%10203040

Rank 1: Spain, 65 or over: 19.2 %, Under 18: 33.8 %, Rank 65 or over: 15

Rank 2: Bulgaria, Under 18: 33.1 %, 65 or over: 35.3 %, Rank 65 or over: 4

Rank 3: Romania, 65 or over: 28.0 %, Under 18: 32.4 %, Rank 65 or over: 8

Rank 4: Greece, 65 or over: 27.7 %, Under 18: 29.6 %, Rank 65 or over: 9

Rank 5: France, 65 or over: 14.0 %, Under 18: 27.5 %, Rank 65 or over: 20

Rank 6: Italy, 65 or over: 19.1 %, Under 18: 27.1 %, Rank 65 or over: 16

Rank 7: Luxembourg, 65 or over: 8.5 %, Under 18: 25.2 %, Rank 65 or over: 27

Rank 8: Austria, 65 or over: 16.6 %, Under 18: 24.4 %, Rank 65 or over: 17

Rank 9: Ireland, 65 or over: 19.5 %, Under 18: 23.7 %, Rank 65 or over: 14

Rank 10: Germany, 65 or over: 21.0 %, Under 18: 23.5 %, Rank 65 or over: 11

Rank 11: Sweden, 65 or over: 11.9 %, Under 18: 23.4 %, Rank 65 or over: 23

Rank 12: Malta, Under 18: 23.3 %, 65 or over: 30.3 %, Rank 65 or over: 7

Rank 13: Hungary, 65 or over: 19.8 %, Under 18: 23.0 %, Rank 65 or over: 13

Rank 14: Slovakia, 65 or over: 12.0 %, Under 18: 22.7 %, Rank 65 or over: 22

Rank 15: Lithuania, Under 18: 19.9 %, 65 or over: 40.5 %, Rank 65 or over: 2

Rank 16: Estonia, Under 18: 19.4 %, 65 or over: 34.5 %, Rank 65 or over: 5

Rank 17: Portugal, Under 18: 19.2 %, 65 or over: 20.8 %, Rank 65 or over: 12

Rank 18: Belgium, 65 or over: 11.4 %, Under 18: 18.9 %, Rank 65 or over: 24

Rank 19: Latvia, Under 18: 17.6 %, 65 or over: 43.3 %, Rank 65 or over: 1

Rank 20: Finland, 65 or over: 10.7 %, Under 18: 17.1 %, Rank 65 or over: 25

Rank 21: Croatia, Under 18: 15.7 %, 65 or over: 40.0 %, Rank 65 or over: 3

Rank 22: Poland, 65 or over: 15.5 %, Under 18: 15.6 %, Rank 65 or over: 19

Rank 23: Czechia, 65 or over: 9.2 %, Under 18: 15.4 %, Rank 65 or over: 26

Rank 24: Denmark, 65 or over: 13.2 %, Under 18: 14.8 %, Rank 65 or over: 21

Rank 25: Cyprus, Under 18: 14.0 %, 65 or over: 33.7 %, Rank 65 or over: 6

Rank 26: Netherlands, Under 18: 12.7 %, 65 or over: 15.9 %, Rank 65 or over: 18

Rank 27: Slovenia, Under 18: 12.5 %, 65 or over: 26.8 %, Rank 65 or over: 10

How to read: the filled dot is under 18, the outlined dot 65 or over, each with its value beside it. The column on the right is the rank 65 or over. Countries are ranked by the filled dot.Source: Eurostat, Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion by age and sex (ilc_peps01n).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·

	Everyone	65 or over	Under 18
Lowest	11.5%Czechia	8.5%Luxembourg	12.5%Slovenia
Highest	29.0%Bulgaria	43.3%Latvia	33.8%Spain
Highest − lowest	17.5 pp	34.8 pp	21.3 pp

Everyone

Lowest: 11.5% (Czechia)Highest: 29.0% (Bulgaria)Highest − lowest: 17.5 pp

65 or over

Lowest: 8.5% (Luxembourg)Highest: 43.3% (Latvia)Highest − lowest: 34.8 pp

Under 18

Lowest: 12.5% (Slovenia)Highest: 33.8% (Spain)Highest − lowest: 21.3 pp

About the data

The share of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion (AROPE). It counts people who are at risk of poverty, or severely materially and socially deprived, or living in a household with very low work intensity. Each person is counted once.

Eurostat: “People are included only once even if they are in more than one of the situations mentioned above.” (source)

EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC), a yearly sample survey of households run by the national statistical institutes.

How to read these numbers

How it is measured

The survey covers people living in private households. People in collective households and institutions are generally not included (Estonia includes collective households).

The income part of the indicator refers to the calendar year before the survey, in every country.

Very low work intensity is measured only for people under 65. Among people aged 65 or over, the share counts the risk of poverty and severe material and social deprivation.

Eurostat redefined the indicator in 2021 for the EU 2030 target. Severe material and social deprivation got a new measure, and households with very low work intensity a new definition. Figures published for the Europe 2020 strategy follow the old definition and are not comparable with these.

Provisional figures

A provisional value (flag p) may still be revised. This concerns Lithuania (2025).

Sources and data

Eurostat, Persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion by age and sex (ilc_peps01n). Data updated 20 October 2026, retrieved 1 November 2026. Licence: CC BY 4.0.

Eurostat metadata · Eurostat methodology

The exact Eurostat API query

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/ilc_peps01n?format=JSON&lang=en&age=TOTAL&freq=A&geo=AT&geo=BE&geo=BG&geo=CY&geo=CZ&geo=DE&geo=DK&geo=EE&geo=EL&geo=ES&geo=EU27_2020&geo=FI&geo=FR&geo=HR&geo=HU&geo=IE&geo=IT&geo=LT&geo=LU&geo=LV&geo=MT&geo=NL&geo=PL&geo=PT&geo=RO&geo=SE&geo=SI&geo=SK&sex=T&unit=PC

How every number in this story was computed