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Who owns their home and who rents

Topic: Housing

In Slovakia, 93.8% of people live in a home their household owns, against 47.2% in Germany.

In 2025, 68.5% of people in the EU lived in a home their household owned, with or without a mortgage. The others were tenants, paying a market rent, a reduced rent or no rent.

Figures for:
2025.
Covers:
the time of the survey.
New data:
once a year.
Dataset updated:
20 October 2026.

Published 4 November 2026

27 / 27 EU countries ranked

The ranking

In 2025, the share of people living in a home their household owns ranged from 47.2% in Germany to 93.8% in Slovakia.

Share of people living in a home their household owns, %

2025
020406080100%
Rank 1: Slovakia, 93.8 %
Rank 2: Romania, 93.2 %
Rank 3: Croatia, 91.4 %
Rank 4: Hungary, 89.8 %
Rank 5: Poland, 87.2 %
Rank 6: Lithuania, 86.5 %
Rank 7: Bulgaria, 86.1 %
Rank 8: Latvia, 82.2 %
Rank 9: Estonia, 79.7 %
Rank 10: Italy, 77.1 %
Rank 11: Czechia, 75.1 %
Rank 12: Slovenia, 74.2 %
Rank 13: Spain, 73.6 %
Rank 14: Portugal, 71.2 %
Rank 15: Belgium, 70.9 %
Rank 15: Ireland, 70.9 %
Rank 15: Malta, 70.9 %
Rank 18: Greece, 69.4 %
Rank 19: Cyprus, 69.2 %
Rank 20: Netherlands, 68.8 %
Rank 21: Finland, 66.9 %
Rank 22: Sweden, 64.6 %
Rank 23: Luxembourg, 64.1 %
Rank 24: France, 61.4 %
Rank 25: Denmark, 58.4 %
Rank 26: Austria, 54.2 %
Rank 27: Germany, 47.2 %
How to read: bars start at zero. Every country with a value is shown, ranked from highest to lowest.Source: Eurostat, Distribution of population by tenure status, type of household and income group (ilc_lvho02).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·

Poverty risk and home ownership

Among people at risk of poverty, the gap between countries was wider. Germany was again the lowest, at 21.6%, and Romania the highest, at 90.2%. The highest and the lowest were 68.6 percentage points apart.

Among people above the poverty threshold, the gap between countries was much narrower than among people at risk of poverty. Germany was again the lowest, at 52.1%, and Slovakia the highest, at 95.5%. The gap was 43.4 percentage points.

Share of people living in a home their household owns: at risk of poverty and above the poverty threshold, %

2025
At risk of povertyAbove the poverty thresholdAbove the poverty threshold − at risk of povertyDifference
20406080100%
Rank 1: Romania, At risk of poverty: 90.2 %, Above the poverty threshold: 93.8 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +3.6
Rank 2: Croatia, At risk of poverty: 89.9 %, Above the poverty threshold: 91.7 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +1.8
Rank 3: Hungary, At risk of poverty: 82.0 %, Above the poverty threshold: 91.0 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +9.0
Rank 4: Slovakia, At risk of poverty: 81.9 %, Above the poverty threshold: 95.5 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +13.6
Rank 5: Poland, At risk of poverty: 81.8 %, Above the poverty threshold: 88.0 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +6.2
Rank 6: Bulgaria, At risk of poverty: 80.2 %, Above the poverty threshold: 87.6 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +7.4
Rank 7: Lithuania, At risk of poverty: 76.5 %, Above the poverty threshold: 89.4 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +12.9
Rank 8: Latvia, At risk of poverty: 71.2 %, Above the poverty threshold: 85.3 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +14.1
Rank 9: Greece, At risk of poverty: 67.5 %, Above the poverty threshold: 69.8 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +2.3
Rank 10: Estonia, At risk of poverty: 61.0 %, Above the poverty threshold: 84.3 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +23.3
Rank 10: Italy, At risk of poverty: 61.0 %, Above the poverty threshold: 80.8 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +19.8
Rank 12: Slovenia, At risk of poverty: 59.3 %, Above the poverty threshold: 76.7 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +17.4
Rank 13: Spain, At risk of poverty: 54.9 %, Above the poverty threshold: 78.2 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +23.3
Rank 14: Malta, At risk of poverty: 54.3 %, Above the poverty threshold: 74.3 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +20.0
Rank 15: Portugal, At risk of poverty: 53.1 %, Above the poverty threshold: 74.5 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +21.4
Rank 16: Czechia, At risk of poverty: 49.9 %, Above the poverty threshold: 77.8 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +27.9
Rank 17: Cyprus, At risk of poverty: 49.5 %, Above the poverty threshold: 72.6 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +23.1
Rank 18: Ireland, At risk of poverty: 42.3 %, Above the poverty threshold: 75.1 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +32.8
Rank 19: Belgium, At risk of poverty: 40.5 %, Above the poverty threshold: 74.6 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +34.1
Rank 20: Luxembourg, At risk of poverty: 40.0 %, Above the poverty threshold: 68.3 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +28.3
Rank 21: Denmark, At risk of poverty: 31.5 %, Above the poverty threshold: 62.0 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +30.5
Rank 22: Netherlands, At risk of poverty: 31.4 %, Above the poverty threshold: 74.5 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +43.1
Rank 23: Sweden, At risk of poverty: 30.3 %, Above the poverty threshold: 70.9 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +40.6
Rank 24: France, At risk of poverty: 29.9 %, Above the poverty threshold: 67.5 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +37.6
Rank 25: Austria, At risk of poverty: 28.4 %, Above the poverty threshold: 59.1 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +30.7
Rank 26: Finland, At risk of poverty: 25.3 %, Above the poverty threshold: 73.4 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +48.1
Rank 27: Germany, At risk of poverty: 21.6 %, Above the poverty threshold: 52.1 %, Above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty: +30.5
How to read: the filled dot is at risk of poverty, the outlined dot above the poverty threshold, each with its value beside it. The column on the right is their difference, above the poverty threshold − at risk of poverty. Countries are ranked by at risk of poverty.Source: Eurostat, Distribution of population by tenure status, type of household and income group (ilc_lvho02) and Distribution of population by sex, age and tenure status (ilc_lvps05).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·
EveryoneAt risk of povertyAbove the poverty threshold
Lowest47.2%Germany21.6%Germany52.1%Germany
Highest93.8%Slovakia90.2%Romania95.5%Slovakia
Highest − lowest46.6 pp68.6 pp43.4 pp

Everyone

Lowest: 47.2% (Germany)Highest: 93.8% (Slovakia)Highest − lowest: 46.6 pp

At risk of poverty

Lowest: 21.6% (Germany)Highest: 90.2% (Romania)Highest − lowest: 68.6 pp

Above the poverty threshold

Lowest: 52.1% (Germany)Highest: 95.5% (Slovakia)Highest − lowest: 43.4 pp

Young adults and older people

Among people aged 25 to 34, the spread across countries was wider. Slovakia was again the highest, at 92.3%, and Germany again the lowest, at 24.6%. The gap between Slovakia and Germany was 67.7 percentage points.

Among people aged 65 or over, the spread across countries was much narrower than among people aged 25 to 34. It ranged from 54.7% in Austria to 97.9% in Romania. The highest and the lowest were 43.2 percentage points apart.

Share of people living in a home their household owns: aged 25 to 34 and aged 65 or over, %

2025
Aged 25 to 34Aged 65 or overAged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34Difference
20406080100%
Rank 1: Slovakia, Aged 25 to 34: 92.3 %, Aged 65 or over: 96.9 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +4.6
Rank 2: Romania, Aged 25 to 34: 87.5 %, Aged 65 or over: 97.9 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +10.4
Rank 3: Croatia, Aged 25 to 34: 87.0 %, Aged 65 or over: 96.1 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +9.1
Rank 4: Hungary, Aged 25 to 34: 82.4 %, Aged 65 or over: 93.6 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +11.2
Rank 5: Poland, Aged 25 to 34: 80.8 %, Aged 65 or over: 90.1 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +9.3
Rank 6: Bulgaria, Aged 25 to 34: 75.9 %, Aged 65 or over: 92.4 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +16.5
Rank 7: Lithuania, Aged 25 to 34: 75.2 %, Aged 65 or over: 94.0 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +18.8
Rank 8: Latvia, Aged 25 to 34: 73.9 %, Aged 65 or over: 81.2 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +7.3
Rank 9: Italy, Aged 25 to 34: 67.8 %, Aged 65 or over: 86.7 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +18.9
Rank 10: Estonia, Aged 25 to 34: 64.4 %, Aged 65 or over: 82.1 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +17.7
Rank 11: Belgium, Aged 25 to 34: 62.6 %, Aged 65 or over: 73.5 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +10.9
Rank 12: Czechia, Aged 25 to 34: 61.5 %, Aged 65 or over: 76.9 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +15.4
Rank 13: Cyprus, Aged 25 to 34: 61.1 %, Aged 65 or over: 68.0 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +6.9
Rank 14: Malta, Aged 25 to 34: 59.0 %, Aged 65 or over: 82.4 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +23.4
Rank 15: Spain, Aged 25 to 34: 58.4 %, Aged 65 or over: 88.5 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +30.1
Rank 16: Slovenia, Aged 25 to 34: 56.7 %, Aged 65 or over: 88.1 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +31.4
Rank 17: Portugal, Aged 25 to 34: 56.6 %, Aged 65 or over: 78.5 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +21.9
Rank 18: Greece, Aged 25 to 34: 55.7 %, Aged 65 or over: 87.4 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +31.7
Rank 19: Ireland, Aged 25 to 34: 52.8 %, Aged 65 or over: 87.9 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +35.1
Rank 20: Netherlands, Aged 25 to 34: 51.7 %, Aged 65 or over: 63.3 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +11.6
Rank 21: Sweden, Aged 25 to 34: 50.3 %, Aged 65 or over: 72.7 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +22.4
Rank 22: Luxembourg, Aged 25 to 34: 47.3 %, Aged 65 or over: 78.9 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +31.6
Rank 23: France, Aged 25 to 34: 46.1 %, Aged 65 or over: 74.6 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +28.5
Rank 24: Finland, Aged 25 to 34: 40.2 %, Aged 65 or over: 80.1 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +39.9
Rank 25: Denmark, Aged 25 to 34: 37.8 %, Aged 65 or over: 60.7 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +22.9
Rank 26: Austria, Aged 25 to 34: 37.2 %, Aged 65 or over: 54.7 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +17.5
Rank 27: Germany, Aged 25 to 34: 24.6 %, Aged 65 or over: 56.9 %, Aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34: +32.3
How to read: the filled dot is aged 25 to 34, the outlined dot aged 65 or over, each with its value beside it. The column on the right is their difference, aged 65 or over − aged 25 to 34. Countries are ranked by aged 25 to 34.Source: Eurostat, Distribution of population by tenure status, type of household and income group (ilc_lvho02) and Distribution of population by sex, age and tenure status (ilc_lvps05).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·
EveryoneAged 25 to 34Aged 65 or over
Lowest47.2%Germany24.6%Germany54.7%Austria
Highest93.8%Slovakia92.3%Slovakia97.9%Romania
Highest − lowest46.6 pp67.7 pp43.2 pp

Everyone

Lowest: 47.2% (Germany)Highest: 93.8% (Slovakia)Highest − lowest: 46.6 pp

Aged 25 to 34

Lowest: 24.6% (Germany)Highest: 92.3% (Slovakia)Highest − lowest: 67.7 pp

Aged 65 or over

Lowest: 54.7% (Austria)Highest: 97.9% (Romania)Highest − lowest: 43.2 pp

Outright, with a mortgage or renting

In 2025, 43.7% of people in the EU lived in a home their household owned outright, 24.8% in one still being paid off with a mortgage or loan, and 31.5% rented.

Share of people by tenure status, %

2025
EU, owner, no mortgage: 43.7 %,owner with a mortgage: 24.8 %,tenant: 31.5 %,
Rank 1: Romania, owner, no mortgage: 92.0 %,owner with a mortgage: 1.1 %,tenant: 6.8 %,
Rank 2: Bulgaria, owner, no mortgage: 84.4 %,owner with a mortgage: 1.7 %,tenant: 13.9 %,
Rank 3: Croatia, owner, no mortgage: 83.5 %,owner with a mortgage: 7.8 %,tenant: 8.6 %,
Rank 4: Hungary, owner, no mortgage: 74.7 %,owner with a mortgage: 15.1 %,tenant: 10.2 %,
Rank 4: Poland, owner, no mortgage: 74.7 %,owner with a mortgage: 12.5 %,tenant: 12.8 %,
Rank 6: Lithuania, owner, no mortgage: 69.7 %,owner with a mortgage: 16.8 %,tenant: 13.5 %,
Rank 7: Slovakia, owner, no mortgage: 68.8 %,owner with a mortgage: 25.0 %,tenant: 6.2 %,
Rank 8: Latvia, owner, no mortgage: 67.9 %,owner with a mortgage: 14.3 %,tenant: 17.8 %,
Rank 9: Greece, owner, no mortgage: 60.4 %,owner with a mortgage: 8.9 %,tenant: 30.6 %,
Rank 10: Italy, owner, no mortgage: 59.9 %,owner with a mortgage: 17.3 %,tenant: 22.9 %,
Rank 11: Slovenia, owner, no mortgage: 58.8 %,owner with a mortgage: 15.4 %,tenant: 25.8 %,
Rank 12: Estonia, owner, no mortgage: 55.0 %,owner with a mortgage: 24.7 %,tenant: 20.3 %,
Rank 13: Czechia, owner, no mortgage: 54.3 %,owner with a mortgage: 20.8 %,tenant: 24.9 %,
Rank 14: Malta, owner, no mortgage: 50.9 %,owner with a mortgage: 20.1 %,tenant: 29.1 %,
Rank 15: Cyprus, owner, no mortgage: 50.4 %,owner with a mortgage: 18.8 %,tenant: 30.8 %,
Rank 16: Spain, owner, no mortgage: 45.5 %,owner with a mortgage: 28.1 %,tenant: 26.4 %,
Rank 17: Portugal, owner, no mortgage: 39.7 %,owner with a mortgage: 31.5 %,tenant: 28.8 %,
Rank 18: Ireland, owner, no mortgage: 34.7 %,owner with a mortgage: 36.2 %,tenant: 29.1 %,
Rank 19: Austria, owner, no mortgage: 32.1 %,owner with a mortgage: 22.1 %,tenant: 45.8 %,
Rank 20: France, owner, no mortgage: 30.5 %,owner with a mortgage: 30.8 %,tenant: 38.6 %,
Rank 21: Finland, owner, no mortgage: 30.1 %,owner with a mortgage: 36.8 %,tenant: 33.1 %,
Rank 22: Belgium, owner, no mortgage: 27.8 %,owner with a mortgage: 43.1 %,tenant: 29.1 %,
Rank 23: Luxembourg, owner, no mortgage: 26.1 %,owner with a mortgage: 38.0 %,tenant: 35.9 %,
Rank 24: Germany, owner, no mortgage: 23.3 %,owner with a mortgage: 24.0 %,tenant: 52.8 %,
Rank 25: Sweden, owner, no mortgage: 15.8 %,owner with a mortgage: 48.8 %,tenant: 35.4 %,
Rank 26: Denmark, owner, no mortgage: 12.8 %,owner with a mortgage: 45.5 %,tenant: 41.6 %,
Rank 27: Netherlands, owner, no mortgage: 10.9 %,owner with a mortgage: 57.9 %,tenant: 31.2 %,
How to read: one row per country, and each bar adds up to 100%. Each value is in the columns on the right, in the bar's order from left to right. Countries are ranked by the “owner, no mortgage” column.Source: Eurostat, Distribution of population by tenure status, type of household and income group (ilc_lvho02).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·

About the data

The share of people (not of households) living in a home that their household owns (with or without a mortgage) or rents (at market price, or at a reduced price or free).

Eurostat: “Distribution of population by tenure status, type of household and income group” (source)

EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC), a yearly sample survey of households run by the national statistical institutes.

How to read these numbers

How it is measured

The survey covers people living in private households. People in collective households and institutions are generally not included (Estonia includes collective households).

The EU's share and some countries' shares in the dataset by age and sex (ilc_lvps05) can differ slightly from the same shares in the dataset by household type (ilc_lvho02). Eurostat gives no reason. Civitascope shows the totals from ilc_lvho02.

Provisional figures

A provisional value (flag p) may still be revised. This concerns Lithuania (2025).

Sources and data

Eurostat, Distribution of population by tenure status, type of household and income group (ilc_lvho02). Data updated 20 October 2026, retrieved 3 November 2026. Licence: CC BY 4.0.

Eurostat metadata · Eurostat methodology

The exact Eurostat API query

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/ilc_lvho02?format=JSON&lang=en&freq=A&geo=AT&geo=BE&geo=BG&geo=CY&geo=CZ&geo=DE&geo=DK&geo=EE&geo=EL&geo=ES&geo=EU27_2020&geo=FI&geo=FR&geo=HR&geo=HU&geo=IE&geo=IT&geo=LT&geo=LU&geo=LV&geo=MT&geo=NL&geo=PL&geo=PT&geo=RO&geo=SE&geo=SI&geo=SK&hhcomp=TOTAL&rskpovth=TOTAL&tenure=OWN&unit=PC

Eurostat, Distribution of population by sex, age and tenure status (ilc_lvps05). Data updated 20 October 2026, retrieved 3 November 2026. Licence: CC BY 4.0.

The exact Eurostat API query

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/ilc_lvps05?format=JSON&lang=en&age=Y25-34&freq=A&geo=AT&geo=BE&geo=BG&geo=CY&geo=CZ&geo=DE&geo=DK&geo=EE&geo=EL&geo=ES&geo=EU27_2020&geo=FI&geo=FR&geo=HR&geo=HU&geo=IE&geo=IT&geo=LT&geo=LU&geo=LV&geo=MT&geo=NL&geo=PL&geo=PT&geo=RO&geo=SE&geo=SI&geo=SK&sex=T&tenure=OWN&unit=PC

Eurostat, Distribution of population by sex, age and tenure status (ilc_lvps05). Data updated 20 October 2026, retrieved 3 November 2026. Licence: CC BY 4.0.

The exact Eurostat API query

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/ilc_lvps05?format=JSON&lang=en&age=Y_GE65&freq=A&geo=AT&geo=BE&geo=BG&geo=CY&geo=CZ&geo=DE&geo=DK&geo=EE&geo=EL&geo=ES&geo=EU27_2020&geo=FI&geo=FR&geo=HR&geo=HU&geo=IE&geo=IT&geo=LT&geo=LU&geo=LV&geo=MT&geo=NL&geo=PL&geo=PT&geo=RO&geo=SE&geo=SI&geo=SK&sex=T&tenure=OWN&unit=PC

How every number in this story was computed

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