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Who spends more than 40% of their income on housing

Topic: Housing

In Greece, 26.4% of people spend more than 40% of their income on housing, against 2.4% in Cyprus.

In 2025, 7.6% of people in the EU lived in a household whose housing costs were more than 40% of its disposable income. The income is that of the year before the survey.

Figures for:
2025.
Covers:
the time of the survey.
New data:
once a year.
Dataset updated:
29 October 2026.

27 / 27 EU countries ranked

The ranking

In 2025, the share of people whose housing costs exceed 40% of their disposable income ranged from 2.4% in Cyprus to 26.4% in Greece.

Share of people whose housing costs exceed 40% of their disposable income, %

2025
0102030%
Rank 1: Greece, 26.4 %
Rank 2: Denmark, 14.7 %
Rank 3: Germany, 11.2 %
Rank 4: Sweden, 10.8 %
Rank 5: Estonia, 8.8 %
Rank 6: Czechia, 8.2 %
Rank 7: Luxembourg, 8.1 %
Rank 8: Spain, 7.2 %
Rank 9: Bulgaria, 6.9 %
Rank 10: Belgium, 6.7 %
Rank 11: Netherlands, 6.5 %
Rank 12: France, 6.4 %
Rank 13: Portugal, 6.3 %
Rank 14: Austria, 6.1 %
Rank 15: Malta, 6.0 %
Rank 16: Lithuania, 5.7 %
Rank 16: Latvia, 5.7 %
Rank 18: Hungary, 5.3 %
Rank 18: Ireland, 5.3 %
Rank 20: Italy, 5.0 %
Rank 20: Romania, 5.0 %
Rank 22: Finland, 4.7 %
Rank 23: Poland, 4.1 %
Rank 24: Slovenia, 3.5 %
Rank 24: Slovakia, 3.5 %
Rank 26: Croatia, 3.2 %
Rank 27: Cyprus, 2.4 %
How to read: bars start at zero. Every country with a value is shown, ranked from highest to lowest.Source: Eurostat, Housing cost overburden rate by age, sex and poverty status (ilc_lvho07a).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·

Poverty risk and housing costs

Among people not at risk of poverty, the gap was narrower. It ranged from 0.4% in Croatia to 12.7% in Greece. The gap was 12.3 percentage points.

Among people at risk of poverty, the gap was wider. It ranged from 7.6% in Cyprus to 82.6% in Greece. The gap was 75.0 percentage points.

Share of people whose housing costs exceed 40% of their disposable income: not at risk of poverty and at risk of poverty, %

2025
Not at risk of povertyAt risk of povertyAt risk of poverty − not at risk of povertyDifference
020406080%
Rank 1: Greece, Not at risk of poverty: 12.7 %, At risk of poverty: 82.6 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +69.9
Rank 2: Denmark, Not at risk of poverty: 8.6 %, At risk of poverty: 59.8 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +51.2
Rank 3: Sweden, Not at risk of poverty: 4.2 %, At risk of poverty: 46.8 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +42.6
Rank 4: Czechia, Not at risk of poverty: 4.5 %, At risk of poverty: 43.4 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +38.9
Rank 5: Germany, Not at risk of poverty: 6.6 %, At risk of poverty: 35.0 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +28.4
Rank 6: Estonia, Not at risk of poverty: 2.9 %, At risk of poverty: 33.3 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +30.4
Rank 7: Austria, Not at risk of poverty: 1.2 %, At risk of poverty: 32.1 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +30.9
Rank 8: Belgium, Not at risk of poverty: 3.7 %, At risk of poverty: 31.3 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +27.6
Rank 9: Luxembourg, Not at risk of poverty: 3.9 %, At risk of poverty: 30.4 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +26.5
Rank 10: Netherlands, Not at risk of poverty: 2.9 %, At risk of poverty: 29.9 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +27.0
Rank 11: Spain, Not at risk of poverty: 2.1 %, At risk of poverty: 28.3 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +26.2
Rank 12: Bulgaria, Not at risk of poverty: 1.5 %, At risk of poverty: 27.0 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +25.5
Rank 13: France, Not at risk of poverty: 2.7 %, At risk of poverty: 25.4 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +22.7
Rank 14: Portugal, Not at risk of poverty: 2.9 %, At risk of poverty: 24.4 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +21.5
Rank 15: Malta, Not at risk of poverty: 2.5 %, At risk of poverty: 23.0 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +20.5
Rank 16: Latvia, Not at risk of poverty: 1.0 %, At risk of poverty: 22.3 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +21.3
Rank 17: Poland, Not at risk of poverty: 1.2 %, At risk of poverty: 21.9 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +20.7
Rank 18: Italy, Not at risk of poverty: 1.2 %, At risk of poverty: 21.7 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +20.5
Rank 19: Hungary, Not at risk of poverty: 2.7 %, At risk of poverty: 21.2 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +18.5
Rank 20: Finland, Not at risk of poverty: 2.3 %, At risk of poverty: 20.7 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +18.4
Rank 21: Lithuania, Not at risk of poverty: 1.5 %, At risk of poverty: 20.2 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +18.7
Rank 22: Slovenia, Not at risk of poverty: 1.0 %, At risk of poverty: 18.7 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +17.7
Rank 23: Ireland, Not at risk of poverty: 3.5 %, At risk of poverty: 17.1 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +13.6
Rank 24: Romania, Not at risk of poverty: 2.3 %, At risk of poverty: 16.9 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +14.6
Rank 25: Slovakia, Not at risk of poverty: 1.8 %, At risk of poverty: 15.4 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +13.6
Rank 26: Croatia, Not at risk of poverty: 0.4 %, At risk of poverty: 14.9 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +14.5
Rank 27: Cyprus, Not at risk of poverty: 1.5 %, At risk of poverty: 7.6 %, At risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty: +6.1
How to read: the filled dot is at risk of poverty, the outlined dot not at risk of poverty, each with its value beside it. The column on the right is their difference, at risk of poverty − not at risk of poverty. Countries are ranked by at risk of poverty.Source: Eurostat, Housing cost overburden rate by age, sex and poverty status (ilc_lvho07a).Chart: Civitascope (civitascope.eu) · CC BY 4.0 · Download image · Download data ·
EveryoneNot at risk of povertyAt risk of poverty
Lowest2.4%Cyprus0.4%Croatia7.6%Cyprus
Highest26.4%Greece12.7%Greece82.6%Greece
Highest − lowest24.0 pp12.3 pp75.0 pp

Everyone

Lowest: 2.4% (Cyprus)Highest: 26.4% (Greece)Highest − lowest: 24.0 pp

Not at risk of poverty

Lowest: 0.4% (Croatia)Highest: 12.7% (Greece)Highest − lowest: 12.3 pp

At risk of poverty

Lowest: 7.6% (Cyprus)Highest: 82.6% (Greece)Highest − lowest: 75.0 pp

About the data

The share of people living in households whose total housing costs, net of housing allowances, are more than 40% of the household's disposable income, also net of housing allowances.

Eurostat: “The housing cost overburden rate is the percentage of the population living in households where the total housing costs ('net' of housing allowances) represent more than 40 % of disposable income ('net' of housing allowances).” (source)

EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC), a yearly sample survey of households run by the national statistical institutes, combined in many countries with administrative data on income. Housing costs are reported by the household.

How to read these numbers

How it is measured

The survey covers people living in private households. People in collective households and institutions are generally not included (Estonia includes collective households).

Housing costs include rent or mortgage interest, utilities such as water, electricity, gas and heating, mandatory charges, regular maintenance and repairs, and taxes. Repayments of a mortgage's principal do not count. Only costs actually paid count, whoever pays them.

The income in the ratio is the household's income of the calendar year before the survey. The housing costs are those at the time of the survey.

People at risk of poverty are those whose equivalised disposable income is below their country's at-risk-of-poverty threshold. The threshold is derived from each country's own median income. It is therefore a different income level in each country. The income is that of the calendar year before the survey (in Ireland until 2019, the twelve months before the interview).

Provisional figures

A provisional value (flag p) may still be revised. This concerns Lithuania (2025).

Sources and data

Eurostat, Housing cost overburden rate by age, sex and poverty status (ilc_lvho07a). Data updated 29 October 2026, retrieved 1 November 2026. Licence: CC BY 4.0.

Eurostat metadata · Eurostat methodology

The exact Eurostat API query

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/statistics/1.0/data/ilc_lvho07a?format=JSON&lang=en&age=TOTAL&freq=A&geo=AT&geo=BE&geo=BG&geo=CY&geo=CZ&geo=DE&geo=DK&geo=EE&geo=EL&geo=ES&geo=EU27_2020&geo=FI&geo=FR&geo=HR&geo=HU&geo=IE&geo=IT&geo=LT&geo=LU&geo=LV&geo=MT&geo=NL&geo=PL&geo=PT&geo=RO&geo=SE&geo=SI&geo=SK&rskpovth=TOTAL&sex=T&unit=PC

How every number in this story was computed

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